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● Fig. A ● ● ● ● 50 ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ScanYear:2005 ScanYear:2006 ScanYear:2007 ScanYear:2008 −150 −100 ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● 0 PC1 ● ● ● −50 ● ● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● −50 PC2 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ● ● 50 100 Color Key and Histogram 50 30 Up-regulated mRNAs Down-regulated mRNAs Both up- and down-reg. 0 10 Count Fig. B KEGG term enrichment among: GSE19407 1 2.5 4 Value 1 DNA replication 2 Purine metabolism 3 Pentose phosphate pathway 4 Sulfur metabolism 5 Arachidonic acid metabolism 6 Glutathione metabolism 7 Metab. of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 8 Retinol metabolism 9 Steroid hormone biosynthesis 10 Propanoate metabolism 11 acid metabolism Fatty 12 Tryptophan metabolism 13 Phenylalanine metabolism 14 Tyrosine metabolism 15 Histidine metabolism 16 O-glycan biosynthesis 17 Ribosome 18 Proteasome 19 signaling WNT 0.6 0.5 V5 0.7 V4 0.8 V3 0.9 V2 1.0 V1 20 Sphingolipid metabolism Fig. C Human COPD 14 Guinea pig CSCH 6 P<0.01 12 Human COPD 15 Lysosome () Chemokine signaling () Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction () Keratan sulfate biosynthesis () Complement and coagulation () Spliceosome () N-Glycan biosynthesis () Biosynthesis of unsaturated FA () Chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis () Tight junction () ErbB signaling () Alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism () Guinea pig CS 5 P<0.05 12 Spliceosome () Drug metabolism () Arginine and proline metabolism () Lysosome () ErbB signaling () RNA polymerase () Gap junction () Pyrimidine metabolism () Chemokine signaling () Inositol phosphate metabolism () Chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis () Phosphatidylinositol signaling ()