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Download Winning (success) takes work!”
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“Winning (success) takes work!” “The will to win is not nearly as important as the will to prepare to win.” -Bobby Knight Diseases of SI Often involves impairment of absorptive surface of SI (what is that?) • Acute Diarrhea—one of the most commonly seen types of diarrhea – Causes—(often accompanies acute gastritis) • Diet change • Stressful situations • Drug therapy – Signs • Acute onset of diarrhea • ± vomiting • Normal appearance otherwise – Dx • Fecal to r/o parasites • CBC (dehydration), Chem panel to r/o metabolic diseases Acute Diarrhea • Rx – – – – – – Fluids for dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (SQ, IV, PO) NPO x 24 h; water OK if no vomiting Intestinal absorbants/coating agents Loperamide—opiod receptor inhibitor that slows gut motility Antibiotics (?) Bland diet after 24 h • Hills I/D • Boiled chicken/rice Parasite Diarrhea • Signs – – – – Diarrhea Wt loss Poor hair coat Listlessness • Dx – Fecal exam • Tx – Anthelmintics for parasites: Fenbendazole/pyrantel – Antiprotozoal medication for Giardia, Coccidia Giardia Viral Diarrhea • • • • Parvovirus Canine distemper virus Coronavirus Feline panleukopenia virus Parvovirus Seen mainly in young, unvaccinated puppies • Signs – – – – Diarrhea, usually with blood Vomiting Febrile Anorexia, depression • Dx—ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test • Rx – – – – IV fluids Antidiarrheal therapy Antibiotics (Gram neg) Keep warm Parvovirus (coyote) Parvovirus • Client info – Sick animals will infect other unprotected animals – Parvo can be fatal – Vaccinate for protection Diseases of LI Function is to reabsorb water, electrolytes; store feces • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) – Signs • • • • Diarrhea with wt loss ↑ frequency of defecations, ↓ volume Tenesmus ↑ mucus – Dx • Fecal to r/o parasites • Chem panel to r/o metabolic causes • Biopsy of LI wall – ↑ lymphocytes and plasma cells Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Rx – Sulfasalazine—a sulfa drug with anti-inflammatory effects • Most effective against colitis – – – – Prednisone Metronidazole, Tylosin Mesalamine—a metabolite of Sulfasalazine in LI (actions unknown) Hypoallergenic diet • Hill’s d/d, z/d, i/d • Homemade diets • Client info – Treatment is often prolonged – Goal of Rx is to control symptoms, not cure disease – Animals with IBD need to be taken outside frequently for BM’s Intussusception Cause usually unknown; can result from parasites, FB, infection, neoplasia • Signs – Vom/diarrhea with or without blood – Anorexia, depression • Dx – Palpation of sausage-like mass in cranial abdomen • Rx – Surgical reduction/resection of necrotic bowel – Restore fluid/electrolyte balance – Restrict solid food x 24 h after Sx; then bland diet x 10-24 d • Client info – Recurrence is infrequent – Px depends on amt of bowel removed – Puppies should be treated for parasites to prevent intussusception Intussuception Megacolon Uncommon in dogs, more common in cats (mostly idiopathic) Associated with Obstipation (intestinal obstruction, severe constipation) • Signs – Straining to defecate • Must be distinguished from straining to urinate in male cats – vomiting – Weakness, dehydration, anorexia – Small, hard feces or liquid feces • With or without blood, mucus Greater than length of lumbar vertebrae Megacolon • Dx – Palpation of distended colon filled with hard, dry feces – Radiographs show colon full of feces – Rectal palpation assures adequate pelvic opening • Rx – Warm water enema • Animals can become hypothermic – Manual removal under anesthesia • Mucosal surface is delicate – Client info • Encourage water intake – Salt food – Always provide adequate supply • High-fiber diet
