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Types of
Hypertension
Systolic & diastolic Hypertension
A: primary, essential or idiopathic
B: Secondary
1) Renal
a: Renal paranchymal dis.
1. Acute glomerulonephritis
2. Chronic nephritis
3. Polycystic kindays dis
4. Diabetic nephrapathy
5. Hydronephrosis
b: Reno vascular
1. Renal Artery stenosis
2. Internal vasculitis
c: Renin producing tumor
d: Renoprival
e: Primary sodium retension (liddle – Gordon syn.)
2) Endocrine
a. Acromegaly
b. Hypothyroidism
c. Hyperthyroidism
d. Hyperparathyroidism
e. Adrenal
1) Cortical
a. Cushing syn.
b. Primary Aldostronism
c. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
d. Apparent mineralocortical excess (licorice)
2) Medullary
a. Pheochromocytoma
F: Extra adrenal chromaffin tumor
G: Carcinoid
H: Exogenous hormones
1. Estrogen
2. Glucocorticoids
3. Mineralocorticoids
4. Symathomimetics
5. Monoamine oxidas inhibitor
3) Coarcatation of aorta
4) Pregnancy induced hypertension
5) Neurologic disorders
a. Increased intracranial pressure
1. Brain tumor
2. Encephalitis
3. Respiratory acidosis
b. Sleep apnea syn.
c. Quadriplegia
d. Acute porphyria
e. Familial dysautonomia
f. Lead poisoning
g. Guillain – Barre syn.
6) Acute stress
a. Surgery
b. Psychogenic hyperventilation
c. Hypoglycemia
d. Burns
e. Alcohol withdrawal
f. Sikle cell crisis
g. Postresuscitation
h. Postoperative
7) Increased intravascular volume
8) Alcohol & drug use
1. NSAID
2. Sypatomimetic amines
3. OCP
4. Methyl xanthines
5. Cyclosporine
6. Erythropoietin
7. Cocaine
8. Caffeine
9. Nicotine
Systolic hypertension
A: Increased cardiac out put
1. Aortic valvular insufficiency
2. A.V.fistula (PDA)
3. Thyrotoxicosis
4. Paget dis
5. Beriberi
6. Hyperkinetic circulation
B: Rigidity of aorta