Download HIV/AIDS

HIV/Aids Around The World
By: Meghan Mullinix, Carolyn
Vidal, Katie Schott, and Brendan
Cutliff
What Is Aids/HIV?
• HIV stands for ‘Human Immunodeficiency Virus’.
• HIV is a virus that infects the cells that make up
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the human body
It can be passed from one person to another
Someone can become infected with HIV through
contact with bodily fluids, who has already been
infected
Risk Factors
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A risk factor is something that increases your likelihood of getting a
disease or condition.
The more risk factors you have, the greater your likelihood to contract HIV infection
and develop acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) factors. Consider asking
your doctor what you can do to reduce your risk.
Certain lifestyle factors greatly increase your risk of contracting HIV infection and
developing AIDS. By avoiding behaviors that are associated with increasing your risk,
you can greatly reduce your risk.
Receiving blood products, tissue or organ transplantation, increases your risk of HIV
infection and AIDS. Even though blood products are now screened for HIV, there is
still some degree of risk because tests cannot detect HIV immediately after
transmission.
Sexual transmitted diseases (STDs) and vaginal infections caused by bacteria tend to
increase the risk of HIV transmission during sex with an HIV-infected partner.
– Examples of STDs include:
a. Syphilis
b. Genital herpes
c. Chlamydia
d. Gonorrhea
About HIV Testing
• HIV tests show if someone is infected with the
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HIV infection or AIDS
There are several different tests that are used to
determine if your are HIV positive
The commonly used tests look for antibodies to
the virus in the blood, mouth or urine
– If an initial test is negative the testing is then
complete,
– If positive, additional testing is necessary to
make sure that it is not a “False positive”.
Why Get Tested…
• Getting tested for HIV is a smart thing to do if sexually
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active or involved in high risk activities
Currently there is no cure for HIV/Aids, but there are
medications that have proven very effective in keeping
HIV-positive people alive longer and healthier
Medicines like Abacavir (Ziagen, ABC), Didanosine
(Videx, dideoxyinosine, ddI), Emtricitabine (Emtriva,
FTC) Lamivudine (Epivir, 3TC), Stavudine (Zerit,
d4T),Tenofovir (Viread, TDF) Zalcitabine (Hivid, ddC)
Zidovudine (Retrovir, ZDV or AZT)
These medicines interrupt the virus from duplicating,
which slows the spread of HIV through the body.
What Happens If I’m HIV
Positive?
• You might not know if you get infected by HIV. Some people get
fever, headache, sore muscles and joints, stomach ache, or a skin
rash for one or two weeks. Most people think it’s just the flu. Some
people have no symptoms at all.
• The virus will multiply in your body for a few weeks, or maybe
even months before your immune system responds. During this
time, you won’t test positive for HIV, but you can infect other
people.
• When your immune system responds, it starts to make antibodies.
When this happens, you will test positive for HIV.
• After the first flu-like symptoms, some people with HIV stay
healthy for ten years or longer. But during this time, HIV is
damaging your immune system.
AIDS in Pregnancy
• Pregnancy: If you think you’re
pregnant and HIV positive, you
should contact your doctor
immediately to discuss your
future and options. If you are
pregnant with HIV you can
take medications to reduce the
baby’s risk of becoming
positive as well.
• Since becoming more aware,
the United States has had a
95% reduction of prenatal HIV
cases.
Treatment
• The primary treatment for HIV/AIDs is antiretroviral drugs. Since there is no
known cure for this disease, these drugs keep a person alive.
• The goal of antiretroviral treatment is to keep the amount of HIV in the
body at a low level. This stops any weakening of the immune system and
allows it to recover from any damage that HIV might have caused already.
• You can also use another type of treatment called combination therapy
which is combing two or more antiretroviral drugs at the same time. Using
three of more is called Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)
– There are more than 20 antiretroviral drugs but are not licensed or
available.
– The reason people take more than one drug at a time is because our
body easily becomes resistant to a drug and its effects would stop
working.
• In the beginning of treatment, a person in on what’s called first line
therapy. If HIV eventually becomes resistant to the combination then they
will switch to another drug or combination which is called second line
therapy.
Prevention
• Abstinence: Don’t have sex and if you do make
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sure it’s safe.
Safe Sex: Use safe sex materials such as male
and female condoms and antiseptic.
Tattoos and Piercing: When getting tattoos or
piercings make sure all the needles are sterilized
and it is by a professional.
Needle Exchange: Always use clean, unused
needles and do not share other IV drug
paraphernalia such as cookers, filters, or water
glasses.
AIDS Walk San Francisco
• Since 1987, AIDS Walk San
Francisco has raised nearly
$65 million for HIV programs
and services in the Bay
Area. In 2007, 25,000
participants raised a record
sum of $4.6 million for the San
Francisco AIDS foundation and
42 Bay Area HIV/AIDS
organizations.
• For more information, please
visit:
– www.aidswalk.net/sanfran
HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the US
HIV/AIDS Epidemic in India
HIV/AIDS in Africa
• 22.5 million people are currently living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, the
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majority of these people, (61%), are women. In the year of 2007 alone,
1.9 million people were affected by the HIV virus and more than 11 million
children have been orphaned by AIDS.
Since the expansion of treatment, awareness, and care efforts hasn’t
spread through the entire continent, the illness rate and death toll will
keep rising.
This means that the impact of the AIDS epidemic will be felt more
heavily in the next 10 years.
Its social and economic consequences are already widely felt, not only in
the health section but also in education, industry, agriculture, transport,
human resources and the economy in general.
The countries most heavily affected are Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland
where the HIV prevalence rate is between 23-26% in adults.
HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Africa
African HIV/AIDS Deaths and
Projected Deaths