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~Ancient Civilizations~ The Aztecs Answer Key Aztec Map Skills Directions: Locate the area of the Aztec civilization on the map below. Shade in the area with a colored pencil. Label at least one major city with a dot and its name. Also, label any natural features (bodies of water, mountains, rivers, etc.) that are around the area. The Aztecs lived approximately in this area. Surrounding the city of Tenochtitlan is Lake Texcoco. Copyright © Wise Guys 2013 Aztec Vocabulary Words Directions: Write the definition to each vocabulary word. If possible, draw a picture to go along with your definition. Important Word Definition Picture (if possible) Causeway A raised road across a body of water Answers may vary Quetzalcoatl Tribute Huitzilopochtli Cortes Chinampa Aztec Calendar Copyright © Wise Guys 2013 The Aztec god who told the Aztecs to settle where they saw an eagle sitting on a cactus with a serpent in its mouth A tribute is another word for taxes. The Aztec ruler would collect tribute from the enemies that they conquered. Answers may vary Answers may vary Aztec sun god; the Aztec sacrificed humans to please this god and to make the sun rise each day. Answers may vary Spanish conquistador who came to Tenochtitlan in 1519 and conquered the Aztec people Answers may vary Island gardens for growing crops Answers may vary One calendar, called the xiuhpohualli, has 365 days. It describes the days and rituals related to the seasons. The other calendar has 260 days. Answers may vary Location Directions: Fill in the table below about the Aztec civilization. Try to include as much detail as you can. Important Word Definition Continent civilization is located on… North America Country/Countries today where civilization lived Mexico Important city/cities of civilization Tenochtitlan Overall landscape of civilization (mountains, rivers, lakes, etc.) Valley; Swampy island; Lake Texcoco Understanding Aztec Human Sacrifice Category WHO WHERE WHEN WHAT Copyright © Wise Guys 2013 Two Details The Aztec would conquer new areas and would find victims to sacrifice. These people were sometimes called “flowers” and the wars were called “flower wars”. Oftentimes warriors were sacrificed. Sometimes it was seen as an honor. Priests would do the sacrificing. Sacrifices would take place at religious temples, especially for Huitzilopochtli. Some Spanish records say the heads of sacrificed people were rolled down the stairs. Sacrifices took place multiple times a day, sometimes even multiple times an hour. Once source says they took place from midday to sunset. A priest would use a sacrificial knife and take out the heart of the victim and offer the heart to the gods. WHY The Aztec sacrificed to honor their gods. They believed if they stopped, the sun would not have the strength to rise and that would cause their crops to fail. Historians think rulers may have enforced sacrifice to control the population. European Influences Directions: Your job is to research and answer the questions below on how European explorers influenced and the lives of the Aztec civilization. 1. What was the name of any famous European explorer who came in contact with the Aztec civilization? When did this person arrive in “The New World?” What country did the person come from? Hernando Cortes was an explorer that came in contact with the Aztec. He arrived in Mexico in 1519. He came from Spain. 2. What were the effects on the people when this explorer came in contact with them? What happened to the Aztec civilization? Europeans brought disease like Smallpox from their homelands that greatly decimated the Aztec population. The European conquistadors conquered the Aztec people in 1521 and built Mexico City on top of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs were forced to either move away or live like the Spaniards. 3. What advantages did the European explorers have over the Aztec people? The Spaniards had many advantages over the Aztecs. They had superior weapons such as steel armor and swords. The Spaniards also had horses which were an advantage to have in battles. They also had an unfair advantage of the diseases they brought to the area that killed many of the people. Copyright © Wise Guys 2013