Download Lecture-25 dated 28 Dec. 2013

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Development Planning and
Administration
MPA – 403
Lecture 25
FACILITATOR
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Majid Mahmood Bagram
Reflections
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Some will never see the inside of the school
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Educational Planning
issues & strategies
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Effective Planning………. Creating Success
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Where Does Planning Fit?
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Putting the
Pieces Together…
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Customized Training
Curriculum
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In this age, it is easy to reach
outer space or any part of the
world within a relatively short
time, but it is still a major
problem to transmit/get
knowledge even to/from our
next door colleague.
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• Education is an instrument of socioeconomic and political change for the
better. Without education, there is
ignorance, and ignorance leads to
poverty, poverty leads to disease and
disease leads to death.
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National Commitments of Pakistan
Constitution of Pakistan (1973)
State shall be responsible for:
“ eradication of illiteracy and provision of free
and compulsory education up to secondary level,
within minimum possible time”
(Article 37-B, 1973 Constitution of Pakistan)
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Pakistan`s Commitment
86% literacy to be achieved by 2015
(Ministry of Education)
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Human Development in South and West Asia
(Source: Human Development Report 2008-09, and UNESCO EFA Global Monitoring Report 2009)
Country
Public expenditure on
Education
as % of GDP
India
3.3
Iran
5.2
Pakistan
1.25
Sri Lanka
5.4
Maldives
8.3
Nepal
3.2
Bangladesh
2.8
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Education Budget in Pakistan: (1995-96 to 2008-09)
(Source: Economic Survey, Finance Division – Government of Pakistan, EFA Global Monitoring Report 2008, 2009, and other related
documents of Govt. of Pakistan)
Year
% of GDP
Year
% of
GDP
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2.00
2002-03
1.7
2.62
2003-04
2.20
2.34
2004-05
2.12
2.40
2005-06
2.40
1.7
2006-07
2.42
1.6
2007-08
2.49
2001-02
1.9
2008-09
1.25
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PRE-CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS OF EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAMS
• Vision:
– Literacy programs based on an agenda of social change including
functional literacy/income generation skills – learners can not be
attracted just for alphabets-” Literacy for a cause”
– Including post-literacy and continuing education: beyond basic literacy
• Leadership: literacy movement demands leadership, not merely
the funds
• Organizational structure: expertise for training, material
development, research & evaluation
• Consistent policy and approach
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AN ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
IN PAKISTAN
1. Commitment gap:
2. Policy Gap: A clear and strong policy on education is
missing.
3. Organizational Gap: Absence of permanent
organizational structure – led to coordination gap
4. Financial Resources Gap: limited financial assistance,
and uncertainty about funding
5. Technical Capacity Gap:
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Misery Index
Pakistan ranks among the
bottom five countries of
the world, as far as the
public expenditure on
education, as a percentage
of total public spending is
concerned
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Misery Index
Despite the government’s
claims that education is its
top priority, public
spending on it during
2008-09 is 1.25% of the
GDP against the
UNESCO-recommended
norm of a minimum of
4%.
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15% of government schools are without buildings
52% are without boundary walls
40% are without water
71% are without electricity
57% are without toilets
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Of the millions of people
added to the population
every year, some only work
to earn their livelihood.
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Educational Sector of Pakistan
ISSUES
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Issues in Educational Sector
 Low access rate
 lack of confidence in the public sector schools to deliver quality
education
 parents either shift their kids to private schools or absorb additional
financial burden by arranging private tuitions.
 If neither is affordable the households prefer to have their children
drop out from school and join income earning activities.
 The average student of the public sector education system cannot
compete in the job market and it leads to social exclusion of the
already poor.
 Teachers absenteeism, ghost schools, cheating in examinations are a
widespread phenomenon.
 Primary sufferers are the most poor and underprivileged in the
system.
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Issues in Educational Sector
 Implementation Gap
• Mismanagement of allocation and use of resources
• Amounts of allocated development funds
remaining unutilized.
• Lack of planning
• Lack of accountability
• Lack of constant monitoring
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Issues in Educational Sector
 Equity in education
 There is a divide between the prevalent school
structure and differences in levels of
infrastructure and facilities, media of instruction,
emolument of teachers, and even examination
systems between public and private schools.
 The rich send their children to privately-run
English medium schools which offer foreign
curricula and examination systems; the public
schools enroll those who are too poor
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Issues in Educational Sector
 The Gender Bias
 starts early within the family
 keeps women at disadvantageous position
 discriminatory social norms
 missing incentives
 lack of access to educational institutions
 educational expenses
 household duties
 parental ignorance
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Issues in Educational Sector
• Quality of provision
– Teacher/Pupil Ratio
– Qualification of Teachers
– Drop Out rates
– Course Content
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CHALLENGES
Human relations: The
increased stresses of today's
workplace can include
misunderstandings and
conflict.
Ethics: Today's society has
increasing expectations
about social responsibility.
Also, today's diverse
workforce brings a wide
variety of values and
morals to the workplace.
Communications: The
increasing diversity of
today's workforce brings a
wide variety of languages
and customs.
Increased competition:
Increased competition in
today's global
marketplace makes it
critical that educational
planners understand and
meet the needs of
students.
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A Strategy for Pakistan
• A vision: a national framework development
• A commitment: political leadership - Ministers, Parliamentarians,
and political parties support
• Partnerships: joint Federal and Provincial agreements/
coordination/monitoring structures and processes
• Guaranteed Financial Resources: Consistent flow of financial
resources
• Clear Roles and Responsibilities: Clearly spelling out role and
responsibilities of Federal Govt., Provincial Govts., and District
Govts.
• A strong Professional base: An Institute or Resource Centre for
technical tasks like training, material development, research etc.
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Thank you
for your kind attention!
FACILITATOR
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Majid Mahmood Bagram
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