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UK and South Africa:
Working in Partnership
Sir David King
Chief Scientific Adviser to UK Government
Cape Town
18 May 2005
World Science Citations
Country
% share of
world
publications
% share of
world
citations
Rank order
USA
34.9
49.4
1
EU15
37.1
39.3
UK
9.4
11.4
2
JAPAN
9.3
8.4
4
CANADA
4.6
5.3
6
CHINA
3.2
1.6
18
INDIA
2.1
0.9
21
BRAZIL
1.2
0.7
22
SOUTH
AFRICA
0.5
0.3
25
0.13
0.06
26
IRAN
Comparing economic and
scientific wealth
0.700
SWI
Citations/GDP ($000s PPP)
0.600
SWE
ISR
0.500
FIN
0.400
DEN
NL
UK
CAN
0.300
AUS BEL
USA
FRA
GER
0.200
AUT
SPA
SIN
0.100
RUS
IND
0.000
GRE
POL
JAP
POR
KOR
CHI
0
Main source: ISI / OECD/World Bank
5
IRL
IT
TAI
BRA SAF
IRA
10
LUX @ 62
15
20
25
GDP/person ($000s PPP)
30
35
40
National strengths in different
disciplines (1997-2001)
Total Citation Share
Engineering
Clinical medicine
Physical sciences
Preclinical medicine and health
Mathematics
Biology
Environment
UK
GERMANY
JAPAN
FRANCE
CANADA
ITALY
RUSSIA
Comparing disciplinary strengths
for US, EU 15 and UK
Share of total citations
Engineering
Clinical medicine
Preclinical medicine and health
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Biology
Environmental
USA
EU15
UK
Comparing EU15 with the US
1.2
Ratio EU to USA
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
Publications
0.2
Citations
0
1993
1994 1995 1996
1997 1998
1999 2000 2001
2002
Comparing inputs and outputs/
outcomes
INPUTS
OUTPUTS/OUTCOMES
Citations per unit GDP
Per cent GDP spent on publicly
funded R&D
Publications per researcher
Per cent GDP spent on higher
education R&D
Citations per researcher
Citations per unit HERD
UK
CANADA
USA
FRANCE
ITALY
GERMANY
JAPAN
Variation in Life Expectancy Around the World
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Fertility Rates:
Number of Children per Woman
9
8
7
6
1981
2001
5
4
3
2
1
0
Source: Population et societes, INED
Africa’s need for skilled people…..
Africa’s share of world’s health workforce
Source: WHO, 2004
Sustainable Development
• Each generation should leave at least as
large a productive base for its successor as it
inherited from its predecessor
Productive Base:
Manufactured capital
Human capital
Natural/Environmental capital
+ Institutions, cultural coordinates
Source: Partha Dasgupta
Social worth of
these assets =
wealth of a nation
Knowledge transfer and capacity building
activity will make significant contributions to:
Human capital
• Education provision skills development
• Population growth containment
Infrastructure Development
• Clean water, hospitals, schools, police,
government facilities, transport on a transregional basis
Cultural Development
• Attitudes to wealth creation
• Encouraging entrepreneurial spirit
Holistic approach
• Coordinate international programmes
• Governmental and regional decision making
in partnership
• Need to go beyond basic education – building
up capabilities in primary, secondary and
higher education
• Well-developed approach to science,
technology, engineering and medicine
• Using centres of excellence to raise
standards throughout the system
Commission for Africa Report
• A new kind of partnership – based on
mutual respect and solidarity.
• Good governance
• An additional $25bn a year in aid by
2010.
• 100% debt cancellation for poorest
countries.
• Untying aid
For capacity building:
International Community should commit in
2005:
• US$ 500 million a year over 10 years to
revitalise Africa’s institutions of higher
education.
• US$ 3billion over 10 years to develop
centres of excellence in S&T.
The Impact of Climate change in
Africa
Temperatures in Africa over
the past 100 years
G8 and EU challenges
• Climate Change and African Development are
the UK priorities for G8 and EU Presidencies in
2005
• Climate change is a global problem and
requires a global response
– Kyoto, European Emissions trading
• Clear vision of energy futures required to enable
global collaboration to move forward
• Science, engineering and technology have key
roles to play
Dorothy Hodgkin Postgraduate
Awards
• Aims to bring outstanding students from
Africa, India, China, Brazil and
developing world to study for PhDs in
top rate UK universities.
• Emphasis is excellence
• 160 scholarships available this year.
More info: www.rcuk.ac.uk/hodgkin/
Dorothy Hodgkin Postgraduate
Awards
Africa-UK Networking
Opportunities
• Our bilateral links with Africa are
important to us.
• Want to encourage collaboration
between our best scientists through:
South Africa – UK Networking scheme
Royal Society/ NRF joint collaborative
programme
The future…….
• Continue to build links between UK &
Africa in science, technology and
innovation – between individuals,
institutions and government.
• South African leadership in Africa.
• Work together to mitigate and adapt to
effects of global warming.