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RAH Day 39 Agenda • 1. 2. 3. 4. Goal – understand why Clinton was elected and reelected, what his administration attempted to do domestically and internationally and why there was so much political opposition to Clinton Complete p 1 boxes 1-5 to review Clinton’s Presidency Questions from homework Read p 5 about the Republican Contract with America. Complete P 1 Box 6 and 7 to understand the conservative policy positions Read p 6 - Clinton’s “Bridge to the Future” to understand how Clinton presented his view of the problems and solutions 1. answer the attached questions 5. How is this Contract with America similar to and different from Nixon and Reagan’s policies? How is it different from Clinton’s ideas? The 1992 Presidential Election Pres. George H.W. Bush H. Ross Perot was the was the Republican billionaire independent candidate William Jefferson Clinton was the Democrat The economy, his tax cut pledge, his seeming disconnectedness from the American people, apparent absence of future vision Clinton focused on the messages of improving infrastructure, helping the middle class with tax cuts and child care help, and to shrink the size of the fed. Gov’t and balance the budget (stole the idea from Perot) Both parties did not look capable of helping America deal with the economy, the budget deficit and the public debt. Perot made the gov’t’s financial situation the key issue Clinton’s First Term Domestic achievements: smaller fed. Gov’t, diverse cabinet, economic growth, welfare reform, environment protection, balanced budget, low unemployment, gun control, more police, Foreign achievements: peace talks b/t PLO and Israel, NAFTA approved, trade w/ China, no fly zones in Iraq, arms limits on North Korea 2nd term – Kosovo, missile strikes on Afghanistan, Sudan and Iraq The Republican Congress and the Contract with America Republican Goals: 1. balanced budget 2. Cut entitlement growth leading to ending the entitlement programs 3. Morality laws like ending abortion, cutting funding for family planning programs, regulating porn and spending money on religious schools 4. Helping families 5. Strengthening the military 6. Helping businesses 7. Welfare reform 8. Tough on crime and increase penalties 9. Immigration reform to slow immigration Clinton’s response to C w A: vetoed 15 different laws Allowed the government to shut down due to no money and blamed Gingrich and the Congress Helped to defeat the balanced budget amendment Stole the welfare reform ideas and made them his own Clinton Administration Domestic Policies Health Care Early in first term proposed a national health plan (spearheaded by wife Hillary), but it failed in Congress due to a heavy ad campaign (Harry and Louise) put out by the health insurance and hospital industry who saw the plan as hurting their profits and businesses. Welfare 1996 Welfare Reform Act – like Nixon sent block grants to states to develop their own programs but they must require work or work related activities in order to be eligible for government help. Set 2 year consec max and 5 yr lifetime maximum for getting money help. Offered Earned Income Tax Credit – workers could receive up to $4k for work Federal Budget Raised taxes 8.6% on very rich and 5% on top 10% of income earners. Cut federal spending on defense and on other government activities, especially cutting federal employees in defense, HHS, labor depts. 1998 –2001 were budget surpluses for first time since 1969 Economic issues Expand free trade throughout world with WTO, expand free trade here in US by supporting NAFTA, deregulating industries like Telecommunications Act Crime Brady handgun bill, community policing – 100K more local cops, increased penalties for gun crimes, assault weapons ban, icnreased funding for war on drugs Clinton Administration Foreign Policies Former USSR 1. Clinton worked with Boris Yeltsin to help turn Russia into a capitalist and democratic country. 2. Helped prop up Russian economy with $4.5billion in aid 3. Continued to implemented START obligations to dismantle nuclear weapons and helped Russia pay for dismantling their nukes. 4. Helped to bring Russia into cooperation with NATO Eastern Europe 1. Yugoslavia fell apart into warring countries. US got involved in stopping the war in the Bosnian part of Yugo. Using NATO airpower and then NATO peace-keeping troops Through the Dayton Peace Accords. 2. Kosovo, another part of former Yugo was then in civil war – US got NATO to use air power to stop the violence there. 3. In each case, the US helped protect Muslims. Global trade 1. NAFTA united Canada, US and Mexico in one free-trade block, which ended up benefiting all three countries in terms of GDP 2. WTO replaced the GATT as the overseer of global trade and further increased global trade, including with former enemy commie countries like China and Vietnam Clinton’s Foreign Policies 1993-2001 Event How did Clinton address the issue? Results of Clinton Policies? End of Cold War – USSR is gone, E. Eur wants capitalism and Democracy Save money on defense, worked with Yeltsin, but no Grand Strategy Russia began to prosper by 2000, Russia brought west into partnership w. NATO, defense $ down Conflict b/t Arabs and Israelis Clinton worked on Oslo peace process – Arafat and Rabin shake hands leading to cooperation Somalia warlords Clinton continued Bush plan for humanitarian aid and expanded into fighting warlords Blackhawk down. Hurt US/UN and White House/congress relations, Clinton looks weak Haiti – Aristide elected then overthrown US mobilized forces and Aristide was put back into called on the UN to act power. to protect Aristide Clinton’s Foreign Policies 1993-2001 Event How did Clinton address the issue? Results of Clinton Policies? NAFTA – North American Tough ratification fight Free Trade Agreement b/t in Senate – Clinton US, Mexico, Canada pushed hard Treaty was narrowly ratified – all three countries saw significant economic growth Russia – economic, military and nuclear problems $4.5b, in econ aid, advisers sent, $ for disarmament, START II implemented Less nukes, remaining nukes detargeted, Russian economy imporves. No nukes in Ukraine or Kazahkstan Yugoslavia – balkanized into Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia and civil war b/t Croats and Serbs in Bosnia w/ Muslims Bosnians in the middle 92 – civil war begins 94 – NATO air strikes 95 – Clinton-led Dayton peace accords ends war 96-98 Kosovo civil war 98 – Serb ethnic cleansing of Muslims 99 NATO air strikes Bosnia becomes separate country with powersharing and stable environment. Kosovo stays part of Yugoslavia (greater Serbia) but civil war ends and bad guys go on trial Clinton’s Foreign Policies 1993-2001 Event How did Clinton address the issue? Results of Clinton Policies? Iraq – ’91 - end of first Persian Gulf War – ’94 – Iraq makes moves against Kuwait – US sends 54k troops to Kuwait in show of support and defense Iraq backs off - Iraqi planes are prohibited from flying over southern and northern Iraq ’96 – US airstrikes against Iraqi air defenses and air forces sites for violating no-fly zones and targeting US air craft patrols Iraqi anti-aircraft batteries continue to intermittently light up US planes. Iraqi air forces violate no-fly zones and are shot down Iraq required to open to weapons inspections -’92 – UN weapons inspectors go into Iraq ’92-98 inspectors are messed with, then finally kicked out ’98 US responds with air and missile strikes 2000 – inspectors allowed back in to make sure weapons programs were not restarted