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MAIN FACTS ON THE
AGRICULTURAL EVOLUTION AND
RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MALI
Document prepared for the World
Bank RuralStruc Program
launching workshop,
M’Bour-Senegal- 11-13 April 2006
1
IMPORTANCE OF THE RURAL SECTOR

Enclave country; 1240 000 km2; 11 millions inhabitants

Rural sector: 45% of GDP; 3,6% average annual growth
(1994-1998), higher than the demographic growth rate;
80% active population; 7,5 millions rural; productive
activities 91% of population on 30% of the country’s
surface.

Main productions: cereals, cotton, livestock; almost
630,000 small EAF: average size of 4,5 ha for 9 to 10
people; 40% of EAF dispose of less than 3 ha.
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PRODUCTIONS



Agricultural production (2002-2003):2,53 millions
tons topped by dry cereals (millet, sorghum, corn), then
rice (28%) and food vegetables: beans, peanuts,
voandzou (10%)
Industrial cultures, topped by cotton, and including also
sugar cane and flower and fruit productions.
Livestock:

Meat: country’s self-sufficiency (51% of bovine meat, 31%
of small ruminants meat, 18% of avian and other species).

Milk: intensive and semi-intensive farming around the
cities, extensive farming in the rest of the country, many
imports of dairy products (on average 13 billion FCFA per
year).
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PRODUCTIONS (cont)


Fishing/Pisciculture: Among the first African
producers of soft water fish, with aprox.
100.000 tons per year, 4,2% of GDP: Niger
River, Senegal River and other fluvial basins.
Natural resources: rich and varied natural
potential. Alarming process of degradation and
progressive desertification, in Sahalian and
Saharan areas (around 3/4 of the territory);
domestic, industrial and artisan productions.
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EVOLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL
POLICIES




Period
Period
Period
Period
1960-1968
1968-1980
1980-1992
1992-2005
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Period 1960-1968

Socialist type of development model (omnipresent State in
economic life with the central objective of reinforcing the
new State’s sovereignty through:
 creation of a national currency,
 construction of infrastructures for the opening up of the
interior and the exterior of the country;
 creation of State societies and enterprises in charge of
economic activities (imports, commercialization and
distribution of cereals and commodities of first
necessity)
Implementation of measures of economic policy performed
through five-year development plans.
6
Period 1960-1968 (cont)

Agricultural policy



Peasants organization system in cooperatives (base
cooperatives, mutual societies of development,
federation of cooperatives).
Technical management through cooperatives,
decentralized technical services (agriculture, livestock
and water and forests) and specific programs by
product: millet, peanut, cotton.
Creation of State societies and enterprises in charge of
economic activities (import, commercialization,
distribution of cereals and articles of first necessity,
provision of credits to producers for inputs and
equipments).
7
Period 1968-1980



Abandon of the socialist approach of development in favor
of an independent and planned economic model. Maintain
of the approach of economic and social development plans.
Extension of the mandates of program-products through
the creation of Rural Development Operations (ODR) with a
certain autonomy management and in charge of the
ensemble of functions of agricultural development:
formation, vulgarization, agricultural credit (suppression of
State societies), commercialization by other State societies.
The draught of 1972-73 perturbed this period and produced
a reorientation of objectives in development in the quest for
food sufficiency (command of water), reconstitution of
livestock and reestablishment of the main economic and
financial equilibriums.
8
Period 1980-1992



Creation of the National Back for Agricultural Development
(BNDA) in 1981 for a professionalization of the credit
system,
Liquidation of State societies,
Partial State withdrawal in production and
commercialization activities,
9
Period 1980-1992 (cont)
Implementation of the Cereal Market Restructuring Program
(PRMC):

Liberalization of rice imports;

Suppression of scales of agricultural product prices and
gradual adjustments of cereal prices;

Suppression of subsidies to inputs and consumption,
export taxes and adoption of the principle of lowering
import taxes;

Suppression of the economic police (except for ON) and
liberalization of cereal trade and bigger implication of the
economic operators in the sector.

Start up of the Agricultural Sector Structural Adjustment
Program (PASA), as of 1990:

Sector reforms;

Studies on the restructuring of the ODRs.
The events of March 1991 shocked the country and signaled the
demands of the population for more democracy and
freedom, transparence in public goods management and the
participation in the management of the country.

10
Period 1992-2005



Devaluation of the CFA Franc in 1994 ;
Adoption and implementation of the
decentralization option
Pursuit of the adjustment measures, in
particular:






Cereals market;
Adjustment of cotton producer prices to the world
market prices;
State withdrawal from commercialization in favor of
merchants and association groups;
Preeminent role of the Villages Associations (AV) in
the responsibilities transferred;
Restructuring of the Niger Office;
Entry into force of the Common External Tariff (TEC)
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in the UEMOA countries.
Period 1992-2005 (cont)


Promotion of a modern and competitive
agriculture:
 Diversification of agricultural productions;
 Reduction of the impact of climate risk through
the control of water.
 Revalorization of agro-ecological potential;
 Development of a competitive agro-industrial
sector, integrated in the sub-regional
economy;
Planned implementation of the Agriculture
Orientation Law (LOA)
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Big challenges
Fight
against poverty;
Food security;
Sustainable/rural land development;
Agriculture financing.
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