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The future of manufacturing in
Europe and the role of
nanotechnologies
Ezio ANDRETA
Director “Industrial Technologies”
Research Directorate-general
European Commission
These pages do not represent any commitment
on behalf of the European Commission.
Please refer to official documents.
See, e.g.: http://www.cordis.lu/fp6;
http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/fp6/index_en.html;
http://www.cordis.lu/nanotechnology
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
Manufacturing today worldwide…
•
Around 25% of GDP (22% in EU)
•
In Europe about 2.5 million enterprises (of
which 99% SMEs) and 28% of employment
European strengths:
knowledge generation, products customisation,
creativity
European weaknesses:
low productivity growth, low development of
high-tech industries, low innovation, skill gaps
•
•
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
Important economic changes
to come …
EXPORT MARKET SHARES
(percentage on world export values - excluding EU intra-regional exports at current prices and market exchange rates)
25
20
15
10
5
19
67
19
68
19
69
19
70
19
71
19
72
19
73
19
74
19
75
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
0
EU
USA
Japan
China
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
Source : “ Will ‘Made in USA’ Fade Away”,
Fortune Nov 24, 03
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
ICT
GLOBALISATION
HAVE REVERSED
TIME AND SPACE
CONCEPTS
TIME=ZERO
EFFICENCY
SPACE=GLOBAL
DIMENSION
NEW CHALLENGES
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
Economic development: a vision
•
•
OLD
Time: extended
Space: local
time
space
zero
global
NEW
• Time: zero (real time)
• Space: global
efficiency
Sustainability
subsidiarity
role
dimension
organisation
- Concentration on added value
- collaborations
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
• LINEARITY = a simple function expanded
step by step in time
• COMPLEXITY = a system composed of many
linear functions characterized
by a global dynamic which is
different from the dynamic
of each function
• LINEAR APPROACH = chain of production
• COMPLEX APPROACH = simultaneous
engineering
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
SIX MAIN CHANGES
• From linearity to complexity
• From individual to system competitiveness
• From resources-based to knowledge-based
economy
• From macro to micro
• From top down to bottom up production systems
• From mono-disciplinarity to trans-disciplinarity
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
Transition from a « traditional economy » based
on traditional resources to a new economy based
on knowledge
The triplet « land-labour-capital » is replaced
by knowledge –capital
…this implies moving from an economy of
‘quantity‘ to an economy of ‘quality’, from
an economy of ‘use and waste’ to a
sustainable economy
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
NEW
OLD
• Compact enterprise
• Production chain
• Mass production
• Quantity driven
• Resource-intensive
• Production driven
• Linear approach
(Taylorism in
production)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Extended enterprise
Network of suppliers
Focus to added value
Quality driven
Brain intensive
Demand driven
Simultaneous approach
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
Novel activities and the new generation of
high-tech industries are showing up on the
market
The shift from labour-intensive to
brain–intensive operations modifies
jobs and skills required
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
DISCIPLINES
CONVERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
FROM
MONO
INFO
BIO
NANO
COGNITIVE
TO
MULTI
INFO/BIO
NANO/BIO
NANO/INFO
INTER
NANO/INFO/BIO
TRANS
NANO/INFO/
BIO/COGN
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
Main challenges
 Interdisciplinarity
 Entrepreneurship
 Ethics, health & safety
 Information + dialogue
 Acceptance
Societal
Issues
Education
and Training
A Competitive
R&D System
Knowledge
Generation
 Fiscality
 Finance
 Patents, IPRs
 Norms/regulations
 Administrative rules
 Demand
Encourage
Innovation
Infrastructure
 Industries
 Universities
 Research inst.
 Finance
 Policy makers
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
Key issues
from the Conference Manufuture
 The importance of the multi-disciplinary approach
to improve EU competitiveness in the context of
socio-economic sustainability
 Highlight the importance of international cooperation
 Improve the image of Manufacturing
 The need of a competitive EU research
Finally, two main challenges:
 To conceive the entire production system in such a
way that high added value and quality of final
products and services can substantially absorb
labour costs
 To build up competitive knowledge-based systems
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
Rapid Growth of Interest in Nanotechnology R&D
Public expenditure in nanotechnology is growing by ~40%
annually to around 3.5 billion €/$ in 2003.
Public expenditure ( 1€ = 1$ )
4000
FP6
(EU)
Europe
Japan
USA
Others
3500
3000
2500
NNI
(USA)
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Source: European Commission (2003)
Our “Nano” Economy in the next 15-20 Years…?
Total:
1,000 Billion
US$ p.a.
20 30
45
materials
70
electronics
340
100
pharmaceuticals
chemicals
aerospace
nanotech tools
180
healthcare
300
sustainability
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
Why is nanotechnology important
for European society and industry?
Market Volume (€ billion)
Analysts estimate that the market for products based on
nanotechnology could rise to hundreds of billion by 2010
and exceed one trillion after
10000
1000
100
10
1
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
Year
European Activities in Nanotechnology R&D:





Several countries started national nanotechnology between the mid-1980’s and mid1990’s
Overall investment of around 200 million € in 1997 has risen to around 1,000 million €
in 2003
Levels of public investment vary considerably between 0.05 and 5.6 € per citizen
Transnational projects in the EU’s 4th (~30M€/year) and 5th (~45M€/year)
Framework Programmes
Nanotechnology identified as a main priority area in the 6th Framework Programme
(~250M€/year)
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
Nanotechnology Applications
Expected to impact upon virtually all technological
sectors as an “enabling” or “key” technology
Medicine
and
Health
Drug
delivery
Information
Technology
GMR Hard
Disk
Energy
Production
/ Storage
Hydrogen
Fuel Cells
Materials
Science
Lightweight
and strong
Food, Water
and the
Environment
Remediation
methods
Instruments
Tunneling
microscopy
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
The European approach:
integrated and responsible
Nanotechnology R&TD+I require actions on several
fronts
Societal
Issues
Infrastructure
Research
and
Development
International
Cooperation
Industrial
Innovation
Health, safety,
environmental
and consumer
protection
Human
Resources
COM(2004)/338
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
R&D: Building the Momentum





European public investment in nanotechnology
R&D should increase by a factor of 3 by 2010
Focus upon transforming our knowledge into
wealth generating products and processes
Reinforce the next FP for added-value via
critical mass, transnational collaboration and
competition
Effective coordination of national programmes
with both OMC and ERA-NET mechanisms
Bring public and private stakeholders together
to strengthen roadmap and foresighting
activities
Bucharest, 14th May 2004
EU RTD FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES
FP 1
(1983-87)
National
oriented
Market
Indust. Supplier
approach oriented
RTD
approach
years
FP 2
(87-91)
European
FP 4
(94-98)
Globalised
Market Environment &
oriented customer driven
Technology Market
push
pull
1983
FP 3
(90-94)
1986
Single act
System
oriented
1990
FP 5
(98-02)
E-commerce
& user driven
Knowledge
based society
Concentration
& Networking
Society
oriented
FP 6
(02-06)
High A.V. &
integration
Sustainability Radical
& probleminnovation
solving
& Breakthrough
1993
1997
Maastricht Amsterdam
1999
Euro
2000…...
Enlargem.
Bucharest, 14th May 2004