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Unit 5: Endangered and Keystone Species KEYSTONE SPECIES A keystone species is defined as one whose impact on its community or ecosystem is ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ The term “keystone” was coined by ______________________________ and was based on his studies of the rocky shore communities in California. When he removed a top predator (_______________________________) from a section of the shore, aggressive ____________________________ multiplied, reducing the original 15 species assemblage to 8. (Species assemblage included sea urchins, anemones, barnacles, sea weeds, hermit crabs, etc.) Effects of Keystone Species 1. ______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Examples of Keystone Species include: 1. Starfish (keep mussel populations in check) 2. Sea otter (keep sea urchin populations in check…sea urchins eat a lot of kelp) 3. Gopher Tortoise (as many as 362 other species use gopher tortoise burrows for shelter. The burrow can be 40 feet long) 4. American Alligator ________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. African Elephant __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6. Salmon ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7. Beaver ___________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 8. Prairie dog _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 9. Horseshoe crab (Red Knots depend on their eggs) SPECIALISTS Specialists are ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Examples: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Generalists are __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Examples: 1. 2. 3. 4.