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Competitive advantages of Kazakhstan: are there any? What is a competitive advantage? • Competitive advantage refers to the condition, which enables a party (an individual, a firm, or a country) to operate in a more efficient or otherwise higher-quality manner than the parties it competes with, and which results in benefits accruing to that party. Such conditions can be: production factors (land, mineral resources, labor); technology. It means that the party should be doing what it is best at or it could become the best at Proven reserves, bbl World 1.332.000.000.000 • Saudi Arabia 266.800.000.000 • Canada 178.600.000.000 • Iran 138.400.000.000 • Iraq 115.000.000.000 • Kuwait 104.000.000.000 • UAE 97.800.000.000 • Venezuela 87.040.000.000 • Russia 79.000.000.000 • Libya 41.460.000.000 • Nigeria 36.220.000.000 • Kazakhstan 30.000.000.000 • United States 20.970.000.000 • China 16.000.000.000 • Qatar 15.210.000.000 Daily Production, bbl World 85.540.000 • Russia 9.980.000 • Saudi Arabia 9.200.000 • United States 8.457.000 • Iran 4.700.000 • China 3.725.000 • Mexico 3.501.000 • Canada 3.425.000 • UAE 2.948.000 • European Union 2.676.000 • Venezuela 2.667.000 • Kuwait 2.613.000 • Norway 2.565.000 • Iraq 2.420.000 • Nigeria 2.352.000 • Brazil 2.277.000 • Algeria 2.173.000 • Angola 1.910.000 • Libya 1.845.000 • United Kingdom 1.690.000 • Kazakhstan 1.445.000 In early 1990-ies, Kazakhstan’s government promised to turn Kazakhstan into “the second Kuwait”. Do you think Kazakhstan has achieved this goal? If it didn’t, can it really become the second Kuwait given its oil reserves, or does it need to? Kuwait Area: 17,818 sq km Population: 2,8 mln. (2/3 of expats) GDP (US$ billions) 158.1 GDP per capita (US$) 45,920.3 Exports: oil and refined products (92%), fertilizers Source: CIA Factbook Kazakhstan Area: 2,724,900 sq km Population: 15.5 mln. GDP (US$ billions): 132.2 GDP per capita (US$): 8,502.1 Exports: oil and oil products 59% ferrous metals 19%, chemicals 5%, machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, coal Ways to Enhance the Country’s Competitiveness: • Areas of potential advantage; • Applicable technologies Can tourism be an area of competitive advantage of Kazakhstan? What does the country have to offer to tourists and what needs to be done in this respect? A slide from Michael E. Porter’s Presentation Kazakhstan’s Competitiveness: Roadmap Towards a Diversified Economy How can education contribute to raising Kazakhstan’s competitive advantages? 12 pillars of competitiveness (Kazakhstan’s GCI ranking in parentheses) •Institutions (86) •Infrastructure (75) •Macroeconomic stability (59) •Health and primary education (80) •Higher education and training (59) •Goods market efficiency (84) •Labor market efficiency (18) •Financial market sophistication (111) (ease of access to loans, venture capital availability, strength of investor protection, soundness of banks, regulation of securities exchanges) •Market size (69) •Technological readiness (55) •Business sophistication (88) •Innovation (64) As seen from the above, the worst indicator is the financial market sophistication. In your opinion, what can be done to enhance it? Potential Threats to the Country’s Competitiveness: – Internal risks – External risks Would the country’s accession to the World Trade Organization contribute to its higher competitiveness and, if so, why? Competitive Advantage vs. Diversification The concept of competitive advantage suggests that a country should be doing what it is best at (given the country’s existing capabilities, technological development and resource endowments) and leave other sectors to other countries. Diversification means extending the range of goods or services to compensate for growing competitive pressures in traditional markets and avoid over-dependence on natural resources. Do you think those two concepts contradict or complement each other? The Only Kazakhstani Brand on Wikipedia Snow Queen Vodka