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The President IV 2/21/2012 Clearly Stated Learning Objectives • Upon completion of this course, students will be able to: – understand and interpret the United States Constitution and apply it to the present (the sections on the presidency and Electoral College). – assess the 2008 & 2012 Presidential Elections without resorting to partisan bickering. – identify and explain the role of formal and informal institutions and their effect on policy. Office Hours and Readings • Readings- Chapter 10 on the Bureaucracy • Office Hours – Today 12-2 – Wednesday 8-11 Presidential Success USING OTHER POWERS Executive Stuff Executive Orders • Carry the weight of law Executive Agreements • Bilateral agreements with other nations • Must be on a single issue • Carry the weight of a treaty • Cannot require new revenues • Not that great of a power • Die when the president leaves • The Senate hates these The Veto • The “Smart Bomb” in the legislative process • Most vetoes are sustained • Can be overused • Threats work better Politics by other Means INFORMAL POWERS The Power to Persuade • Richard Neustadt • Presidential Power is the Power To Persuade Persuasion • What is Persuasion • You have to convince them by what ever means necessary • Getting Decision makers to do what you want – The Johnson Treatment Getting things Done: Trading Favors • Prestige of the office • Granting New Favors • Calling in Past Favors Getting Things Done: Reprisals • Monetary Threats • Campaign Threats • Policy Threats Why Persuasion Fails • Threats are Not Credible • Favors are not worth it • Electoral Security and temporal forces Why President Obama is Currently having difficulty persuading • Republicans do not want to compromise • Democrats are already on board • The Election is getting close Everything is inside Samuel Kernell GOING PUBLIC Going Public • Using presidential popularity to by-pass Congress and take the message to the people. • A Two Step Model Requirements • High reliance on the media • Use the same tools as the campaign Who is good at “Going Public” • Political Outsiders • Popular Presidents • Presidents who are good communicators • Presidents facing divided government How it Can fail: No Coverage How it Can Fail: Missteps • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HOBTUCv4o0 How it can Fail: Disinterest How it Can Fail: Getting off Message How it can fail: A guy throws a shoe at you • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OM3Z_Kskl_U Going Public is Risky • You must have public support on the issue • You cannot do it too much • Unpopular presidents will not be able to do it WHY DOES EVERYONE HATE THE PRESIDENT? The Media hate the President • They punish failure • They do not reward success • Bad news is better for ratings Congress hates the president • Different Goals • Different Time frames • Divided Government The People Turn on the President • Term Limits • We Grow tired of the president • The realities of the office Keeping your head above water IS THE PRESIDENT DOOMED TO FAIL? Presidential Approval The Key’s To Presidential Popularity • Strong Economy • Staying away from Scandal • Rally around the Flag events • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7TTBL6WXAY How to Lose it President Obama: On the Ledge Bureaucracy What is a Bureaucracy The Bureaucracy • are the organizations that administer programs and policies in both government and the private sector • Where we see it – SEU – Business – The Government Bureaucrats • the individuals in these organizations. Why A Bureaucracy?: The Tasks of Government • The Constitution sets up a need for bureaucrats • You have to have people to administer these tasks Why a Bureaucracy: The Public Goods Problem • What are public goods? • Business will not touch it • How do you protect/provide these? Why a Bureaucracy? Size Why a Bureaucracy: Human Resources • 2 million employees • 1.4 million active duty personnel • 24% of Total GDP The Bureaucracy in the Constitution • No specific mention • Article II- implies a bureaucracy • The Founders didn’t expect a large role The Pendleton Act and The Spoils System • “To the victor goes the spoils” • James Garfield (RIP) • The Pendleton Act (1883)