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BEA’s KLEMS Statistics:
Measuring Outputs and Intermediate Inputs
Brian C. Moyer
World KLEMS Conference
Harvard University
August 19-20th, 2010
www.bea.gov
BEA’s Industry Accounts
 Input-Output Accounts
 Benchmark Accounts
 Annual Accounts
 KLEMS Statistics
 GDP by Industry Statistics
 Travel and Tourism Satellite Account
 R&D Satellite Account
www.bea.gov
2
2010 Comprehensive Revision
 Time-series annual I-O accounts,
2008
1998-
 Incorporated 1997/2002 benchmark I-O
accounts and 2009 NIPA revision
 Expanded annual data on business
expenses by industry
 Improved measures of price change for
the services sector
www.bea.gov
3
Measuring Output
 Industry and commodity output based
on a variety of sources




Economic Census data
Census annual surveys (ASM, SAS, etc.)
Trade association data
Data from other government agencies
 Detailed commodity distributions
retained from benchmark estimates;
manufacturing detail updated annually
 Expanded Census data for the services
sector
www.bea.gov
4
Measuring Intermediate Inputs
 Benchmark estimates based on Census
data (~70%) and other data sources
 Annual estimates based on input
category controls
 Benchmark-year inputs extrapolated with
output quantity change
 Detailed inputs “reflated” with appropriate
input prices
 Annual controls applied to groups of inputs
www.bea.gov
5
Measuring Value Added
 Direct and indirect measures of value
added by industry: VA = GO - II
 Direct measures based on compensation,
taxes on production, and gross operating
surplus from NIPA gross domestic
income measures
 Gross operating surplus based on
“quality-weighted” benchmark-year
values; company-to-establishment
adjustments applied
www.bea.gov
6
Balanced I-O Framework
INDUSTRIES
Mining and
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade and
Transportation
Utilities
FINAL USES
Finance,
Insurance, and
Real Estate
Other
Personal
Consumption
Expenditure
Private Fixed
Investment
Change in
Private
Inventories
Net Exports
Government
Consumption
and Investment
Total
Commodity
Output and
Value Added
Mining and
Construction
COMMODITIES
Manufacturing
Trade and
Transportation
Utilities
Finance,
Insurance, and
Real Estate
Other
VALUE ADDED
Compensation
Taxes on
Production and
Imports
Gross
Operating
Surplus
Total Industry Output and
Final Uses
www.bea.gov
7
BEA’s KLEMS Statistics
 Consistent with BEA’s Annual I-O
Accounts—“use” table decomposition of
E, M, & S categories by 4-digit NAICS
commodities
 Statistics available for 1998-2008
 Chained-type price and quantity indexes
and contributions by industry
www.bea.gov
8
BEA’s KLEMS Statistics
Data for 2008
60
Percent of Total Intermediate Inputs
M
50
S
40
L
S
30
L
20
K
K
K
L
E
S
10
M
E
E
M
0
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Finance & Insurance
K-capital, L-labor, E-energy, M-materials, S-purchased services
www.bea.gov
9
Purchased Services Disaggregation
S
Aggregation of 30
4-digit commodities
Utilities
Outsourcing
Other
Services
Telecomm
Financial
Rental &
Leasing
Domestic
www.bea.gov
Imports
10
Purchased Services Shares
Input Category Shares of Nominal Intermediate Inputs
All Private Industries
60
50
Percent
40
30
20
10
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
Outsourcing
www.bea.gov
2001 2002
Year
2003
2004
2005
2006
Other Purchased Services
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Industry production account
 BEA/BLS work on aggregate production
account
 Ongoing work to develop prototype industrylevel production account: K & L services from
BLS; E, M, & S from BEA
 Continued work to reconcile BEA/BLS industry
output measures
 Longer term: KLEMS statistics available prior
to 1998; industry production account available
for earlier years
www.bea.gov
12
KLEMS Prices
Prices Paid by Industries for Economy-wide Inputs to Production
140
Energy
Indexes (2005 = 100)
120
Materials
Purchased services
100
80
60
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Source: BEA Annual Industry Accounts KLEMS price indexes for intermediate inputs, 2005-2008.
www.bea.gov
13
Expanded Detail on Energy
O t he r e ne rgy produc t s
N a t ura l ga s
P e t r o le u m a n d
c oa l produc t s
E le c t r ic P o we r
N u c le a r
Coa l
H yd r o e le c t r ic
O the r
C o a l min in g
O il a n d g a s e xt r a c t io n
www.bea.gov
14
Quarterly GDP by Industry
Transportation and Warehousing Industry
Billions of
chained (2000)
dollars
380
380
375
375
370
370
365
365
360
360
355
355
350
350
345
345
340
340
335
335
330
330
2005
www.bea.gov
2006
2007
2008
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