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Università degli Studi di Pavia
Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Scienze politiche, Giurisprudenza, Ingegneria, Economia
Corso di Laurea Interfacoltà in Comunicazione, Innovazione, Multimedialità
CHINA TODAY: A NEUTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE
FACETS OF A RAPIDLY EVOLVING SOCIETY IN BOTH
SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TERMS
The Beginning of a Great Economic Power
Relatore:
Chiar.mo Prof. Andrea Fumagalli
Correlatore:
Chiar.mo Prof. Giorgio Rampa
Tesi di Laurea di:
Valeria Repetto
SINCE ECONOMIC OPENING UP AND REFORM
POLICY (1978): CHINA’S ECONOMY HAS GROWN 90
TIMES BIGGER
FASTEST GROWING MAJOR
ECONOMY IN THE WORLD
GDP: ANNUAL AVERAGE PREDICTED TO BE 9.5 PERCENT FOR THE
PERIOD OF 2011-2015
WORLD’S LARGEST
EXPORTER
SECOND LARGEST
IMPORTER
OF GOODS
AND… WORLD’S SECOND BIGGEST CONSUMER OF
LUXURY GOODS
BUILDING SKYSCRAPERS TO SHOW THE
ECONOMIC BOOMING
MORE THAN 200 BUILDINGS ARE BEING BUILT NOW
NEXT THREE YEARS: ONE SKYSCRAPER COMPLETED EVERY FIVE DAYS.
800 IN FIVE YEARS TIME
Main characters of the last 30 years of political and
economical changes
Zhao Ziyang, 赵紫阳
and Deng Xiao Ping(邓
小平), first, and
Zhu Rongji (朱镕基)
and Jiang Zemin(江
泽民), afterwards
Two
generations
of reforms
•Agrarian Reform (1978)
• Social Market Economy(early
90s)
• Development of Social
Economy Organizations in
rural areas, as well as in urban
FROM THE AGRICOLTURE:
FIRST PHASE
• DECENTRALIZATION OF THE PLANE AND
THE MARKET
• FAMILY BUSINESSES : RESPONSABILITY
SMALL ENTERPRISES
BORN:
• VILLAGE AND
TOWNSHIP
ENTERPRISES
• GROWING AUTONOMY IN
MANAGERIAL DECISIONS INSIDE STATEOWNED ENTERPRISES
SECOND PHASE
• SOCIAL MARKET ECONOMY (ONLY
APPROVED IN 1992)
• RENOVATION OF PULIC
ENTERPRISES
• CONCEPT OF SOCIAL ECONOMY
MARKET•1978: THEY
ORIENTED BY WAY OCCUPIED 28
OF PROFIT
MILION
MAXIMIZATION
PEOPLE
• Mid-90’s: 135
MILION
和谐社会
CONCEPT OF “HARMONIOUS SOCIETY”
THE FOURTH GENERATION (WITH HUJINTAO胡锦涛 AND WEN
JIABAO 温家宝) INTRODUCED THE SLOGAN IN 2007
CENTRALITY OF SOCIAL ISSUES IN
THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:
ACTIVE MEDIATION , PARTICIPATION
SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES: INEQUALITY
MANY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RURAL
AND URBAN AREAS
WORKERS START MOVING FROM RURAL TO URBAN AREAS
• LIFE AS FARMER PRECARIOUS: ORGANIZED IN COMMUNES, WITH SOCIAL
SERVICES GRANTED ONLY BY SELLING SUFFICIENT NUMBER OF AGRICOLTURE
PRODUCTS
• LIFE AS TOWN WORKER LESS PRECARIOUS: BASED ON THE RELATION BETWEEN
CITIZENS AND WORKPLACE IN WORK UNITS IN THE STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES
EDUCATION CHANGES
FOCUS ON THE FUTURE
COMPETITION
EXCELLENCE
HEAVY
ENPHASIS ON
PASSING EXAMS
SOCIAL
PRESSURE
AND
INSECURITY
COSTS OF EDUCATION MORE
AND MORE EXPENSIVE
INCREASE OF
PRIVATE STUDIES
FOR EXCELLENCE
INEQUALITIES
BETWEEN RURAL AND
URBAN CHILDREN
PUBLIC FOUNDING STILL
NOT ENOUGH
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE
DAMAGE DUE TO:
• POPULATION
GROWTH
•DEMAND PER
CAPITA GROWTH
• PUBLIC OPINION: INITIALLY MORE
PRONE TO EMBRACE THE
ECONOMIC RISE INSTEAD OF
THINKING ABOUT CONSEQUENCES
CHINA HAS NOW BECOME THE WORLD’S LARGEST ENERGY
CONSUMER
WARNING!
CHINA RELIES ON COAL TO SUPPLY ABOUT 70 PERCENT
OF ENERGY NEEDS
BESIDES, WATER IS ONE OF THE MOST SERIOUS THREATS FACING
THE COUNTRY NOW
LEGISLATION FOR THE
ENVIRONMENT
• Law on the Protection of the Marine Environment, in 1982;
• Law on Water Pollution Prevention, in 1984;
• Law on the Protection and Control of the air pollution of 1987;
• Law on the Prevention and Control of solid waste disposal of 1995.
TOWARD A SOCIETY LAW CARBON BASED ON
RENEWABLE ENERGY?
EFFORTS TOWARD RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES
2009:
34.6 BILION US DOLLARS INVESTED IN
CLEAN TECHNOLOGY
2008-2013:
INCREASE OF SIXFOLD THE DEMAND OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
CHINA PRODUCES MORE WIND TURBINES AND
SOLAR PANELS EACH YEAR THAN ANY OTHER
COUNTRY IN THE WORLD
CONCLUSION
Whether China continues as an authoritarian colossus,
stagnates, disintegrates, or becomes both freer and more
prosperous will not just determine China's future, but shape
the rest of the world's too.
The Economist
Thank you for listening
Valeria Repetto