Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
GDP per worker and per hour worked G7 comparison plus EU and OECD averages, 1999 UK=100 160 GDP per worker GDP per hour worked 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Italy US France Source: DTI calculations based on Harley and Owen (1998) Germany Canada* Japan* * indicates GDP per hour for 1998 EU OECD GDP pe r he ad of population OECD comparison, 1999 US dollars, purchasing power parities Luxembourg US Switzerland Iceland Denmark Canada Ireland Austria Japan Germany Sweden OECD UK EU Italy France Spain Korea Czech Republic Poland UK=$22,754 Turkey 0 Source: OECD 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 Value added by knowledge based services and industries G7 comparison, 1998 Per cent of total business sector value added 70 Finance, insurance, other business services, community, social and personal services Communication services 60 High & medium-high tech manufacturing 50 40 30 20 10 0 Germany* Source: OECD Japan France UK US Canada* * indicates 1997 data Italy Exports of high and medium-high technology goods G7 comparison, 1981-1999 Per cent of total goods exports 25 UK 20 US Japan 15 France Germ any 10 Canada Italy 5 0 1981 1982 Source: UN 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Exports of knowledge-based services G7 comparison, 1991-1998 Per cent of total services exports 60 UK 50 Japan Canada Germ any US 40 France Italy 30 20 10 0 1991 Source: IMF 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Qualifications at NVQ level 2+ and 3+ equivalent UK, France and Germany, 199x? Per cent of population Level 2+ Level 3+ Gemany workforce 25-28 year olds vo catio nal 19-21year olds general France workforce 25-28 year olds 19-21year olds UK workforce 25-28 year olds 19-21year olds 100 Source: Steadman 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Papers and citations per head of population G7 comparison, 1993-1998 Index, UK=100 Citations per head 140 Papers per head 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 US Source: OST Canada Germany France Italy Japan Industry-funded business enterprise R&D (BERD) real expenditure per worker G7 comparison, 1988-1998 US dollars, at 1990 prices and purchasing power parities 1200 1988 1000 1993 1998 800 600 400 200 0 Source: OECD US Japan Germany France Canada UK Italy Novel innovating enterprises EU comparison, 1994-1996 Per cent of enterprises introducing new or improved product or process, new not only to firm but also to their market 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Netherlands Denmark Ireland Italy Source: Eurostat (Community Innovation Survey) Sweden Germany Austria Luxembourg France UK Finland Belgium Spain Portugal EU Sources of information considered as very important for innovation UK and EU average, 1996 Per cent of innovating enterprises Manufacturing sector Services sector Client s or cust omers Sources wit hin ent erprises Suppliers of equipment ; mat erial; component s or sof t ware UK Ot her ent erprises wit h t he EU ent erprise group Compet it ors Universit ies or ot her higher educat ion inst it ut es Consult ancy ent erprises 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 KEY ATTRIBUTES OF A WINNING COMPANY - A (global) vision of how the market is likely to develop, based on customers’ needs and an understanding of how technology might impact upon their expectations; - The ability for the firm to generate new ideas/products and services to exceed customer expectations and to have the business processes and resources in place to deliver ahead of the competition; - A workforce which is committed to the firm’s success. MANAGEMENT INDICATORS Qualifications: MBAs per 000 employed Vision: - Reliance on clients or customers for information as a basis for innovation (see Eurostat Innovation Survey); - Technology balance of payments (see OECD) Ability to generate new products/processes: - Novel innovating enterprises (see Eurostat Innovation Survey) - Patent licensing (OECD) - Proportion of firms with Web enabled networked computers (Business in the Information Age: International Benchmarking Study 2000) - Proportion of firms complying with ISO 9000 or the EQFM Excellence Model Commitment of the Workforce: - Average annual investment per head in off-the-job training ( $ PPP); - Proportion of firms with training plans linked to the corporate plan (in the UK this would be firms accredited with the Investors in People award); - Proportion of firms (in high technology sectors) with share options available to 50% (or more) of the workforce. PRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE - Are salary structures within UK academia are sufficiently attractive to encourage the best academic researchers to remain in the UK (with a potential adverse impact on both the quality of teaching and research)? - Is the UK is generating enough very highly skilled scientists/engineers through its doctoral programmes? LEADING INDICATORS - the upper quartile of academic salaries (in SET disciplines) at PPP rates; - numbers of (SET) PhD students studying at home and overseas, and numbers of overseas PhD students studying in the home country.