Download Chapter 24

Urban/Rural Clash
Modern vs Traditional
Get-rich-quick schemes obsessed the nation in the
1920s. Speculative ventures dominated the news and
diverted attention from the economy's flaws
CHAPTER 24
Changing times
 Electricity, oil consumption, cigs, radio, watch
 Machines replace workers
 Demand high, prices low
 Spend, spend, spend= installment buying,
credit
 No money in savings
 Construction boom
Auto industry
 Standardization and mass production
 Model T
 Assembly line- $5/day, 40 hrs
 Too repetitive, robotic, easily replaceable
 Urban Sprawl
 Garage, car parts, mechanics, gas stations, roads
 Sign of Economic growth, transportation
revolution and a symbol
Business
 Corporate consolidation- chains
 Separation between poor and wealthy get
wider
 Shareholders powerful
 Scientific Management
 Earnings back to corporation to research
and expand
 Welfare capitalism- personal
management
 Unions decrease: boycotting, individualism,
un-American
 Consumer culture
 Consumption=prosperity
 Advertising desires-health, popularity,
social status
 Installment buying (debt increases by
250%)
Culture
 Less diverse due to new technology
 Flapper
 Margaret Sanger- American Birth Control
League
 Technology
 Higher Education
 Equal Rights Amendment
Culture cont.
 Media-nickelodeons, radio, magazines
 Youth- education, peers not family, dating
not courting (after marriage still adhere to
conventional roles)
 Charles Lindbergh –Spirit of St. Louis
 Sports- Jack Dempsey, Babe Ruth, Red
Grange
 Jazz- Louie Armstrong, Bessie Smith
 Art- Georgia O’Keefe, Frank Lloyd Wright
 Writers- Sinclair Lewis, F. Scott Fitzgerald,
Ernest Hemmingway
 Expatriates- leave US for artistic freedom
Harlem Renaissance
 Literary and Artistic Movement spurred by
Great migration (push and pull factors)
 Marcus Garvey UNIA- be proud, start society in
Africa
 Assert your self into society
 McKay
 Zora Hughes
Nativism-white, protestant,
traditional
Traditionalists felt threatened by the changing
values of the New Era
 New immigrants- Catholic and Jewish, in
poverty
 Rise in KKK-Fear of change and conflicts
 Influence in politics, undone by sex scandals and
money corruption
 Sacco and Vanzetti- Anarchist and Italian,
electrocuted
 National Origins Act- backed by Lodge
 Up to 3% of each nationality living in US in 1910
 “Noble Experiment” 18th amendment
 Increased organized crime, Al Capone
 Lowered drinking in low classes- couldn’t afford
bootleg prices
 Couldn’t enforce the law- no public support
 Pushed for by Rural Americans, Anti-Saloon
League and WCTU
 Fundamentalism vs. Darwinism
 F. literal interpretation of Bible- defender of
morals
 Scopes (Monkey) trial- Darrow was defense with
Scopes
 WJB prosecutor
Republicans
Lower taxes, higher tariffs, fewer antitrust suits, and more support for
private collaboration and consolidation characterized public policy.
 Harding- Teapot Dome Scandal
 Coolidge- minimalist govt.
 Mellon- Treasury Secretary
 Trickle Down
 Reduce taxes for rich
 Revered progress tax policies of
Wilson
 Fordney-McCumber Tariff- increase
rates on manufactured and farm
goods
 Hoover
 Associationalism- stabilize the
economy through trade
 Increase communication between
industries
 Sponsor unions, pay decent wages
etc.
 Government infused in business
Increases
wages
Rich
Increases
employment
invest
Increase
production
Distress
 Farming
 No govt price supports (from WWI)
 Exports drop (Europe rebuilding)
 Tried loans and fed. Supports – not enough
 McNary Haugenism- raise farm prices by
selling abroad- fails
 Problem-OVER PRODUCTION
 Coolidge ignores imbalanced economy
Unrest and Arms
 Dawes plan
 Washington Naval conferencenaval disarment
 Lack of money and peace
 Kellogg-Briand Pact- outlaw war,
unenforceable
 Election- political realignment
 Hoover (Herbert) Republican
 Dems- send in a catholic, split
between cities and immigrants and
rural farmers
Then pays
US
US loans
Germany
Then pays
Great B.
and
France