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Introduction to
International Development
10th Dec 2010
Sacha Grodzinski
Chair, Engineers Without Borders UK
Overview:
1. Intro to development: What is development?
Who is involved?
How it be measured?
When did it develop?
Where does it happy?
2. Complexity of Development: Thinking about Impact
3. Advice:
Know Before you Go
In the ‘field’
On your return
1. Intro to development?
What is Development?
What is Development?
There is no universal definition, but most used
viewed as:
A holistic and multi-disciplinary approach to
Human Development – the development of
livelihoods and greater quality of life.
Anon
International Development vs.Relief
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Non- Emergency aid
Longer-term approach
Sustainable solutions
Oxfam’s One
Programme Approach
Engineers Without Borders UK
Who is involved?
Who is involved?
GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS
Resource mobilisation
POWER
COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
Mechanism of exchange
INCENTIVES
VOLUNTARTY ORGANIZATIONS
Mobilise Social energy
VALUES
H. Cruickshank – Development
Engineering, Lecture 1 – ESD MPhil, 2009
When did it develop?
1960’s and 70’s
Kariba Dam, Zimbabwe
Engineers Without Borders UK
1970’s and 80’s
Nomadic Turbine, Mongolian Steppe
Engineers Without Borders UK
1990’s
UN Conference, New York
Engineers Without Borders UK
How is it measured?
How is it measured?
• Neo-classical approach:
Adam Smith - An Inquiry into The Nature
and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 1776
• Gross Domestic Income (GDI) or Gross
Domestic Product (GDP)
– Defined as the market value of all final goods and
services produced within a country in a given period
of time
– Calculated as consumption + government spending +
gross investment + (imports - exports)
How is it measured?
Other indicators:
• Health (Infant mortality rates, life Expectancy…etc)
• Education (Primary education, literacy rate…etc)
• Employment..
Millennium Development Goals: