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The contribution of electro-technologies to energy efficiency Paul Baudry, Marie-Ann Evans UIE (International Union for Electricity applications) Conference on Energy Efficiency in IPPC installations – Vienna 21-22 October 2004 Outline • Electricity and energy consumption • The influence of energy accounting system • Efficient electro-technologies in industry • Conclusion 2 Global Trends in Energy use : 1970-2000 The sector of manufacturing (industry) shows the highest energy intensity decrease Source : 30 years of energy use in IEA countries 3 Global Trends in Energy use Final energy consumption by energy sources Source : 30 years of energy use in IEA countries 4 Energy efficiency and electricity electricity use follows the GDP 450 450 400 400 350 350 300 300 Mobility OCDE OCDE Electricity OCDE Thermal stationary 250 250 200 200 GDP US$95 150 150 100 100 50 50 0 0 5 Energy accounting system primary to final energy HEAT USE ELECTRICITY combustion FF (coal, oil, gas) turbine Mechanical Electromagnetic Natural geothermic NUCLEAR RENEWABLES Coefficient of electricity generation EU Average : 40 % or 1/2,5 6 Energy accounting system primary to end-use energy 14 % 20 % 70 % Final Energy Useful Energy 40 % Primary Energy 100 % ELECTRICITY 40 % 16 % 7 Energy Efficiency through Electro-technologies in various industrial sectors Sector Established Techniques Emerging Techniques Food industry - MVC (liquid concentration) - Membranes (separation) - Electric Tubular Heat Exchanger - Heat Pump (heat and cold) - High Electric Pulse Fields - High Pressure - Ohmic Heating Chemical industry - Motors for basic chemicals (v.s. turboengines) - heating in small processes (resitances and induction) - Electric Tubular Heat Exchanger -Electric Arc Furnace (steelmaking) - Induction in foundry - Resistance ovens (Thermal treatments) - Heat pumps - Electrofilters - MVC - Heat pump (drying) - Membranes in refineries and - Electrosynthsis - Ohmic heating - Immersion heater Metals Waste management industry - MVC for liquid effluents - Recycling with arc furnace - Vacuum furnace - Cold plasmas for VOC treatment - induction on activated carbon for VOC treatment - MVC - Membranes - Arc furnace for vitrification 8 Energy Efficiency through Electro-technologies Technology Membranes MVR + Heat Pumps Induction Consumption – original plant (GWh) 385 Consumption – replacement plant (GWh) 35 Compared utilisation efficiency 10-12 3.220 460 6-8 6.750 2.700 2-3 µW + HF + UV 585 260 2-2,5 IR 725 415 1,5-2 Motors 2.465 1.700 1,3-1,6 Resistance 11.640 9.700 1,1-1,3 25.770 15.270 1,1-12 TOTAL 9 Energy Efficiency through Electro-technologies Steel industry Fossil Energy route Electric route Technology Blast furnace Electric Arc Furnace Raw materials Iron ore « Scraps » (+ DRI + pig iron) Quality High Depends on scraps quality Investment cost High Much lower Flexibility Low High CO2 emission 2 tCO2/tsteel 0.1 t CO2/tsteel 10 Energy Efficiency through electro-technologies Various energy system solutions for the same end use Energy source Electricity from grid + Heat from fossil fuel CHP from gas (non seasonal) Electricity from grid > 90% Fossil mix Same end-use demand (MWh) Conversion used Electricity (light, motors) Heat (process) 100 Electricity (light, motors) Heat (process) 100 1 kWh e = 0,086 / 66% (average generation efficiency by CHP) 100 CED = 13 + 13 = 26 tep Electricity (light, motors) Efficient electric process 100 <50 1 kWh e = 0,086 / 40% (electricity generation) / 90%(grid loss) 100 1 kWh th = 0,086 tep 1 kWh e = 0,086 / 40% (electricity generation) / 90% (grid loss) CED = 23,9 + 8,6 = 32,5 tep CED = 23,9 + 11,9 = <35,8 tep Electricity from grid Renewable / NFF Electricity (light, motors) Efficient electric process 100 <50 1 kWh e = 0,086 / > 100% (pointless, NFF) / 90% (grid loss) CED = 9,5 + 4,8 = <14,3 tep Electricity from grid current mix Electricity (light, motors) Efficient electric technique 100 25 1 kWh e = 0,086 / 52% (electricity generation) / 90% (grid loss) CED = 18,4 + 4,6 = 23 tep 11 Conclusion • Electricity is a secondary but flexible energy. Industrial process need this flexibility to increase productivity and quality • Electricity and electro-technologies can contribute significantly to energy efficiency • Final to primary conversion factor and CO2 emissions depend strongly on power generation systems, thus on local energy mix • The whole energetic system has to be assessed from raw energy product to end-use by an LCA approach 12