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Effective Uses of
Water
Plan
for Livelihood
Improvement
Issues – action taken and outcome
of the action plan
Plan -East and Southern Africa
© Plan
Background
• In 8 Countries in RESA food shortage is national
issues and the countries can not produce enough
food for themselves
• More than 50 % of the population lives below the
poverty line
• Child mortality is very high because of malnutrition
and water born and water related diseases
• In those countries environmental degradation ( soil
erosion, deforestation, poor management of ecosystem and lack of alternative renewable energy
sources are big issues)
• Except Egypt Sudan, Albania, in all other RESA
Countries more than 90-95% of farming are based
Plan
on rain fed agriculture
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Background
• More than 80 % the population live in the rural area
engaged in agriculture ( where in developing
countries 3-5% the population are farmers)
• For most of the countries agriculture is the backbone
of the economy it contribute about 50-80 GDP and to
more than 50 % foreign exchange earning
• The Region has enormous ground and surface
water sources ( big water bodies , lake Victoria, Nile,
Zambezi, etc)
• The Average Annual Rainfall pattern is uniform but
some times the timing and intensity is erratic
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Issues and Concerns that affects economic
uses of water in Plan Program Countries
• The Water development program was
associated with health benefit only (domains)
• Most of the water development program were
not design to address sustainable livelihood
issues
• There was no intention to uses water for house
hold income generating activities
• Some high yielding boreholes are not effectively
used some times < 10% of the yield
• Inadequate communication with Sector
Association and professional groups (Rain water
other networks)
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Some examples in lack of effectiveness
• The borehole funded by
Plan to Bugurunib Primary
School in DAR –Tz is not
properly used –no school
garden….
• The water is pumped once
a week for 25 minutes
• There is no clear plan to
use the high yielding, about
5lit/sec to the community
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Some examples in lack of effectiveness
• A hand pump is installed in
a high yielding (3.5)
borehole in Geita Tz
• Children & communities
have to queue to collect
water
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Malawi –
• Higher Yielding
boreholes were
not used during
the drought
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Gitangu Project Plan Kenya –Water Kiosk with
long queue- while there is enormous sources
from rivers- the eclectic pump only work 3
hours to fill the 200m3 reservoir
• Many families have
requested for private
connection to use for
dairy and poultry farm.
• The community wanted to
increase water kiosks to
increase income
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200 cum masonry reservoir constructed by
Plan
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Electric pumps from the national grid –one
pump is bought by the community as the
spare
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Measure Taken to address the issue
• Capacity Building Training
on Multiple uses of water
was organized for
WATSAN and Food
Security Advisors of the 10
countries- Nairobi-Oct2004
• Field training during the
workshop
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Action Plan of the Workshop
• The Advisors for each country developed an
action plan
• to take stock of the available water sources and
to develop at least 2 multiple uses of water
projects• To use IWRM as planning Framework
• To start a Tree/Child Project and expand school
garden
• To join Rainwater and other professional
Associations
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Encouraging outcome of the Training
• 6 Countries agreed to use IWRM in their country
program outline
• 4 Countries have been doing stock taking
• The working relations and communication
between the WATSAN and FS advisors has
improved
• Plan Malawi has started 4 Trees/Child program 2
at home and 2 at school so far 18,000 fruit trees
are planted by school children
• All country advisors joined Rainwater
Association and other networks
• The understanding of Advisors on Concept of
Integration and Scaling-up has increased
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