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EULAKS Policy Workshop Informing the Knowledge Society – Feeding SSH Research into Policy Design in Latin America end Europe London 23-24, September 2010 Knowledge Society Capacity Building in LA: the use of indicators Daniel Villavicencio Alberto Morales & Marcela Amaro (UAM-X) The questions raised are: • Are Latina American countries building institucional capabilities towards the KS? • Are there new policies and instruments? • What indicators can we use to analyse and asses the access to the KS Elements of the KS TIC´S Economy Educational System -Hardware -Macroeconomic Stability -Primary Education -Software -Tecnological -R&D expediture and scientific education -Public &Private Research Centers -Innovation incentives Knowledge Based Society -Universities -University-Industry projects Specialized Human Resourses Infrastructure telephone lines Computer access -Internet users S&T Policy Intelectual Property System -Patents The knowledge based society • Capabilities of acquisition, stockage, production and transfering of knowlege • Increasing importance of technological and organizational innovation in firms and also other institutions • Employement in knowledge intensive sectors and increasing importance of these sectores in the economy (emerging sectors) • HR investment, professional training, knowledge difussion, etc. • More knowledge intensive services • Knowledge flows & Intermadiate organizations for knowledge trasnfering • New social capabilities to take advantage of knowledge (empowerment) • The use of instruments to asses the performance of policy and foreseight. What can we measure? – – Which data can be picked up? how and what for (assesment, international cooperation, benchhmark, etc.)? – Who produce data (universities, public organizations, enterprises)? – What realities do statistics repport (outputs vs dynamics)? A problem for measurement Inputs-Stocks-outputs (Oslo, OCDE, Frascati, Bogotá, Esocyt, Camberra, Santiago) – – – – – R&D investments Funds for innovation research & activities S&T-Hum Ress, training and education Patents Publications What about processes (how to measure) ? – Learning capabilities (in SMEs) – Knowledge networks performance – Incremental innovation (inventing around, technological catching-up, industrial upgrading, products’ tropicalisation…) – Knowledge spill-over What international statistics do not let us know • All knowledge flows, • Local language publicactions • • • • • The use of traditional (non scientific knowledge) Tehnological absortion capabilities, adaptations Learning paths Impact of S&T+I Policty on social problem solving Social capabilites for knowledge absortion Indicators in LA • • • • • • Hum Ress in S&T, Education Funds and $$ for S&T Infrastructure Use of Internet, TICs, Scientific production Innovation in firms, patents, R&D Progress in Knowledge Society Indicators Based on the existent indicators for each country Prerequisites for the Knowledge Society Infrastructure and resources* Socioeconomics** Co Vz Ar Co Br Ar Ur Ur Br Vz Mx Mx UE UE Outcome variables e-Applications, outputs and markets*** Vz Co Ar Mx Ur Br UE * Communication and education indicators ** Employment, Training and skills, Social inclusion and Security indicators *** Innovation capability, labour flexibility, e-applications , wealth and satisfaction indicators Annual GDP Growth (%), 2003-2007 Availability of eGDP per Capita (in/nal 10 Government Services (1current $ PPP), 2007 9 7), 2008 Internet Users per 1000 Human Development 8 People, 2007 Index, 2005 7 6 Daily Newspapers per Royalty Payments and 5 1,000 People, 2004 receipts(US$/pop.) 2007 4 3 Households with Researchers in R&D / Mil. 2 Television (%), 2006 People, 2006 1 0 Computers per 1000 Total Expenditure for R&D People, 2007 as % of GDP, 2006 Total Telephones per 1000 People, 2007 Prof. and Tech. Workers as % of Labor Force, 2007 Internet Access in Schools (1-7), 2008 S&E Journal Articles / Mil. People, 2005 Patents Granted by USPTO / Mil. People, avg Adult Literacy 2003-2007 Rate (% age 15 and above), 2007 Gross Secondary Enrollment rate, 2007 Argentina Brazil Colombia Mexico Uruguay Venezuela Tensions and challenges Data: National dynamics vs international comparaison (objectifs, actors, priorities, instruments…) Performance: inputs, outputs (process?) Existence of cognitive divides: Actors have different learning capabilities, while indicators attempt to standardize Between knowledge use & adaptation or knowledge creation Towards the knowledge based society in L.A. Some challenges Integrating Social needs: complexity, asymmetries, evolution of goals… Considering Institutional logics, incentives, paths & lock-in effects Contribution to define public policy agendas in S&T+I and the use of proper INDICATORS (information platforms) Performing efficency and impact : evaluation methodologies & foresight? What do we measure? What do we measure? What do we measure?