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The End of the Ottoman Empire
End of the
Ottoman Empire
The Turkish Republic was established in 1923. The
Empire had been in a state of decline for several
centuries. The inability to keep up with industrial and
scientific developments, social and political unrest and
wars had sapped its strength. The First World War
signaled its end. The Ottoman’s were on the losing side
of the war and the British were given most of it’s former
empire. As the Empire crumbled, its Turkish nucleus
rose up in a War of Liberation against the invading
powers and the Sultan’s government.
The Ottoman Capital -- Constantinople
Creator of
Modern Turkey
Kemal Ataturk
“Ataturk”means
“Father of the
Turks”
Ataturk’s Reform Program
 Capital moved from Constantinople to Ankara.
 Secularism  Qur’an in Turkish translation.
 Adoption of a republican constitution and a
Swiss civil code.
 Westernization & nationalism:
 Compulsory, secular education.
 Banning the fez.
 Western [Roman] script.
 Western clothing.
 Women unveiled & given full citizenship and the right to
vote.
Modern Turkey
Dress
Banned Traditional _______.
Women urged to Vote
_______.
Replaced the Arabian Alphabet with the
Latin
_____________Alphabet
People and Culture
Ethnic Turks make up _____ 80
percent of the
population.
Kurds
_______
make up the rest of the population.
Urban middle class Turks match the Middle Class
Europe
of_____________
Economy
Turkey's economy is a complex mix of traditional
craftsmanship and modern industries,
The country's large agriculture sector, which ranked
7th in the world in terms of production output in 2005,
Turkey has a strong and rapidly growing private sector,
yet the state still plays a major role in industry,
banking, transport, and communications.
What type of economy does Turkey have?
MIXED
__________
Currency
GDP (PPP)
GDP per capita
GDP by sector
Economy of Turkey
New Turkish lira (YTL)
$941.6 billion[1] (2008 est.) (15)
$13,511[1] (2008 est.)
agriculture: 8.9%, industry: 30.8%, services:
59.3%[3] (2007 est.)
Population
below poverty line
13%[3] (2007)
Labour force
by occupation
agriculture: 35.9%, industry: 22.8%, services:
41.2%[3] (3rd qtr. 2004)
Main industries
textiles, food processing, autos, electronics,
mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron), steel,
petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
Export goods
textiles, foodstuffs, metal manufactures,
transport equipment, electronics, home
appliances
Main export partners
Germany 11.3%, United Kingdom 8%, Italy
7.9%, United States 6%, France 5.4%, Spain
4.4%[3] (2006)
Government and Religion
Muslim
Most people in Turkey are ______
Secular
The government is _______
which means religion is
kept separate from government
Type of Government
parliamentary democracy
Turkey has a ____________________________
form
of government.
A means that the political
What does that mean?
power is held by an elected
parliament representing the
people.
The president and prime minister share
Executive power.
_____________
The Hebrews established a nation they called Israel on
the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. About
1300BCE, many Hebrews moved to Egypt to escape a
famine. At first, the Hebrews were treated well in Egypt,
but in time they were enslaved by the Egyptians.
The Jews, were conquered by several other cultures
over the years but always rose up and regained
Roman Empire
control of their land. When the ____________
spread to Israel and the Jews were once again a
conquered people. They tried to rise up and revolt
against the Romans but the Romans countered by
temple
destroying their _________and
killing or enslaving
most of Jerusalem’s population. Many of the Jews
fled, never to return to their homeland again
Diaspora Most
beginning a period known as the_________.
Jews were forced to live as minorities in many
different lands throughout the world.
The Middle East in 1914
 GOALS:
The spiritual and
political renewal of
the Jewish people.
Zionism
 Return of the Jewish people to their
ancient
homeland of present day Palestine.
 Freedom from
Western anti-Semitism.
Theodore Herzl
1860-1904
Palestine Was Part of the
Ottoman Empire
When the Ottoman Empire fell,
Palestine became part of Britain
Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920

In 1920, there
was 1 Jew to
every 10 Arabs in
Palestine.

By 1947, the ratio
was 2 Arabs for
every Jew.
The Arabs felt that they
were loosing control of
their “country!”
The “Arab Legion” of the
British Army During WW2
Hitler’s
“Final
Solution”
The Jewish population in each country in 1942.
The Nazi Holocaust
 6,000,00 Jews killed
by the Nazis [1/2 in
the concentration
camps.]
U. N. Partition Plan of 1947
Israel Becomes a Nation:
May 14, 1948
Chaim Weizmann,
1st President
David Ben-Gurion,
1st Prime Minister
War Begins!: May 15, 1948
Six DayWar-1967
Israel captures territories that were under the
control of the Palestinians. These areas
Gaza
include________________,
The West Bank
East Jerusalem
_____________,
and ________________.
These territories are still under dispute by the
Palestinians who view any Jewish settlement
here as an invasion of their land.
The Palestinian
Liberation Organization
Palestinian Authority
In 2005 Israel transferred control of Gaza to the Palestinians
Government and Religion
80% of people in Israel are ______
Jewish
Since Judaism affects all aspects of daily life, it is
hard to say that it has no effect in Israeli
government
The prime minister has executive power while the
_____________ or parliamentKnesset
has the legislative
power.
Israel in the Future
As Israel struggles
with how to maintain
its strength and
freedom in one of the
most hostile regions
in the world, it must
also come to grips
with the fact that
some type of
peaceful solution
must be worked out
with the Palestinians
and its Arab
neighbors if it hopes
to survive into the
future.