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Results of the 2012 Survey
on R&D investment and policy measures
• ERAC meeting
• 6-7 September 2012
•
(version amended after the meeting)
• Pierre Vigier
• DG Research and Innovation
• Economic analysis unit
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Background
 ERAC decided on the current survey in October 2011
 The 2012 questionnaire was sent to Member States
and Associated Countries on 14 May 2012
 EC received during June/July 2012 questionnaires
completed from 27 Member States and 6 Associated
Countries
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Member States grouped according to their R&D
intensity as % of GDP(reference year 2010)
 High and medium-high R&D intensity (over 2,5%):
AT, DE, DK, FI and SE.
 Medium R&D intensity (1,6%-2,5%): BE, EE, FR, IE,
LU, NL, SI and UK.
 Medium-low R&D intensity (1%-1,6%): CZ, ES, HU, IT
and PT.
 Low R&D intensity (under 1%): BG, CY, GR, LT, LV,
MT, PL, RO and SK.
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Member States with R&D intensity
higher than 2.5% of GDP (2010)
Evolution of Governmental R&D Budgets 2010-2013
(2010 = 100%)
113
Austria
111
109
Sweden
105
Denmark
103
Germany
2010 = 100%
107
101
2010
2011
2012
201399
Finland
97
Source: DG Research and Innovation
95
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Member States with R&D intensity
between 1.6% and 2.5% of GDP (2010)
Evolution of Governmental R&D Budgets 2010-2013
(2010 = 100% )
130
120
110
Belgium
France
100
Netherlands (1)
Ireland
100
2010 = 100%
Luxembourg
Estonia
Ne the rlands
90
Slovenia
2010
2012
2011
80
2013
Source: DG Research and Innovation
Notes: (1) Netherlands (unbroken line): Foregone tax revenues are included.
(2) UK does not project R&D budgets and the executed R&D budget for 2011 is not available yet.
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Member States with R&D intensity
between 1% and 1.6% of GDP (2010)
Evolution of Governmental R&D Budgets 20010-2013
(2010 = 100% )
140
Hungary
130
Czech Republic
110
100
2010 = 100%
120
Italy
90
80
Portugal
Spain
2010
2011
2012
Source: DG Research and Innovation
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70
2013
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Member States with R&D intensity
under 1% of GDP (2010)
Source: DG Research and Innovation
Note: Data are not available for Greece and Latvia
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Policy measures
Maintaining / increasing human resources in S&T:
• 20 Member States introduced new measures (or strengthened
existing ones);
• 7 Member States reported no change in their policy;
• No information available for one Member State.
Structural Funds to RTDI:
• 11 Member States indicated a re-allocation of Structural funds to
RDTI in 2011-2012;
• 10 Member States plan to re-allocate Structural Funds to RTDI
funds in 2012-2013.
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Policy measures
Stimulating private investment in R&D:
• 13 Member States have introduced new R&D tax incentives or
increased the level of existing ones;
• 10 Member States have introduced in the last year tax
incentives specifically for SMEs;
• 16 Member States have launched grants in support of private
R&D investments.
Stimulating public – private partnerships (PPP):
• 16 Member States have launched a PPP programme in the last
year;
• 10 Member States are planning to launch a PPP initiative in
2012-2013.
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Main conclusions of the 2012 survey
(1/2)
A diversified landscape across the European Union:
• Around a half of Member States increased their public R&D
spending in 2011;
• Higher R&D intensity Member States have a steady and predictable
increase of their R&D efforts even if some of them head towards a
negative trend in 2011;
• Several medium / medium-low R&D intensity Member States shifted
in 2011 to a negative trend;
• Many Member States with a low R&D intensity indicated positive
evolutions in 2011, some of them coupled with positive expectations
for 2012 and 2013.
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Main conclusions of the 2012 survey
(2/2)
Overall, the findings of the survey confirm:
• In a difficult economic and fiscal context, many Member States
have adopted support measures for R&I and have protected their
public R&D spending as part of their efforts to carry out a smart
fiscal consolidation;
• Further evidence of support measures policies to stimulate private
R&D investments and public private partnerships;
• Efforts in increasing human resources in S&T;
• Preoccupation for an effective usage of Structural Funds in
support of research and innovation.
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Next steps
• The next ERAC survey could be launched mid-2013
• Next results would be expected in Sep-Oct 2013
• Detailed coverage of public efforts: R&D tax incentives and extrabudgetary support
• Correlation with results of other surveys: IRIMA annual survey on
“R&D Investments Business Trends”, ad-hoc OECD survey etc.
http://iri.jrc.es/research/docs/survey/2012/Survey2012.pdf
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Methodological remarks
Following caveats are needed to be mentioned:
- The aim is to consider short term evolution in order to inform Member States
on the strategy of the other European countries. This implies that the longer
term perspective is not given. For instance, in real terms R&D public
investment in EE, PT, SI, DK and FI increased significantly as compared with
GDP variation, between 2007 and 2010 included. This relativizes this decrease
of actual or planned governmental efforts either in 2011, 2012 or 2013.
•
- Another issue is the partial shift in some Member States, from governmental
direct budget expenditures to support through fiscal incentives.
Methodological reasons do not allow comparing yet these values, but the point
need to be reminded.
•
- Last but not least, of course forecasts for 2013 are still subject to revisions in
the course of the year.
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• Thank you for your attention!
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