Download substituted hydrocarbons

SUBSTITUTED HYDROCARBONS
Objective: to learn about organic
compounds which contain oxygen
Substituted Hydrocarbon: replace
hydrogen atom(s) with other atoms
2 Main Groups: Alcohols
Organic Acids
ALCOHOLS
• Contain a hydroxyl group (OH) in
place of a hydrogen (H) atom
• Alcohols have a much higher boiling
point than the original hydrocarbon
• Naming Alcohols: ends in “ol”. First,
name the alkane, drop the e and add
ol.
Example:
• Butane:
H H H H
H
C–C–C–C H
H H H H
• Becomes Butanol:
H H
l l
H–C–C–
l l
H H
H H
l l
C – C - OH
l l
H H
ORGANIC ACIDS
• Contain a special group of atoms called
a carboxyl group: COOH in place of a
methyl group (CH3 )
Replace:
O
H
C-H
H
with
C -OH
• Naming Organic Acids: ends in
“oic acid”. First, name the alkane,
drop the e, and add oic acid.
Example
• Butane becomes Butanoic Acid:
H H H O
l l l ll
H – C – C – C - C – OH
l l
l
H H H
A third group of substituted
hydrocarbons are called Esters.
Esters are formed when an alcohol
reacts with an organic acid.
Esters smell sweet or fruity
(perfumes).
OUTPUT
• Draw the one, two, and three carbon
alkane, alcohol, and organic acid.
• You should have nine drawings
altogether.
• Underneath each drawing, write its
proper name.
QUESTIONS
1. How are ethane and ethanol alike?
2. From what alkane is pentanoic acid
derived?
3. What would be the names of the alcohol
and the organic acid derived from
octane?
4. Which would have a higher boiling point,
nonane or nonanol?
5. How would you know when an ester has
been created?