Download 2010functional groups

1.
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What are the names of the following
compounds? What functional group
does it contain?
H H
H-C- C-O-H
-O-H ( hydroxyl group)
H H
Ethanol and it is an alcohol
H O-H H H
H-C–C– C–C-H
H H H H
2-butanol and it also is an alcohol
1.
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What are the names of the following
compounds? What functional group
does it contain?
H H
H-C- C-O-H
-O-H ( hydroxyl group)
H H
Ethanol and it is an alcohol
H O-H H H
H-C–C– C–C-H
H H H H
2-butanol and it also is an alcohol
2. What are the names of the following
compounds? What functional group does
it contain?
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H HH
H-C- C-C=O
C=O (carbonyl group)
H H
Propanal and it is an aldehyde
H H H H H
H-C–C– C–C–C=O
H H H H
Pentanal and it is an aldehyde
2. What are the names of the following
compounds? What functional group does
it contain?
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H HH
H-C- C-C=O
C=O (carbonyl group)
H H
Propanal and it is an aldehyde
H H H H H
H-C–C– C–C–C=O
H H H H
Pentanal and it is an aldehyde
3. What are the names of the following
compounds? What functional group does
it contain?
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H
H HH
H-C- C-C- C-C-H C=O (carbonyl group)
H OH HH
2-Pentanone and it is an ketone
H H H
H H
H-C–C– C–C–C–C-H
H H H O H H
3-hexanone and it is an ketone
3. What are the names of the following
compounds? What functional group does
it contain?
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H
H HH
H-C- C-C- C-C-H C=O (carbonyl group)
H OH HH
2-Pentanone and it is an ketone
H H H
H H
H-C–C– C–C–C–C-H
H H H O H H
3-hexanone and it is an ketone
4. What are the names of the following
compounds? What functional group does
it contain?
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H
H HH
H-C- O-C- C-C-H
H
H HH
Methyloxypropane or methyl propyl ether
H H
H H H
H-C–C– O–C–C–C-H
H H
H H H
ethyloxypropane or ethyl propyl ether
4. What are the names of the following
compounds? What functional group does
it contain?
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H
H HH
H-C- O-C- C-C-H
H
H HH
Methyloxypropane or methyl propyl ether
H H
H H H
H-C–C– O–C–C–C-H
H H
H H H
ethyloxypropane or ethyl propyl ether
5. What are the names of the following
compounds? What functional group does
it contain?
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H H H O
H-C- C- C- C-O-H
H H H
Butanoic acid
H O
H-C– C– O–H
H
Ethanoic acid
5. What are the names of the following
compounds? What functional group does
it contain?
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H H H O
H-C- C- C- C-O-H
H H H
Butanoic acid
H O
H-C– C– O–H
H
Ethanoic acid
6.Esters-Raw Materials
Esters are made from the reaction
between ….
 an alcohol and an ….
 organic acid
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6.Esters-Raw Materials
Esters are made from the reaction
between ….
 an alcohol and an ….
 organic acid
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7.Esters-Raw Materials
 Organic
acids have a carbonyl
and hydroxyl functional group
 R-COOH
R-C-O-H
O
R differs from one acid to
another
7.Esters-Raw Materials
 Organic
acids have a carbonyl
and hydroxyl functional group
 R-COOH
R-C-O-H
O
R differs from one acid to
another
8.Esters-Raw Materials
 Alcohols
have a hydroxyl
functional group
 R-O-H
R differs from one to another
8.Esters-Raw Materials
 Alcohols
have a hydroxyl
functional group
 R-O-H
R differs from one to another
9. Esterfication
Esters form by…
 dehydration synthesis.
 Synthesis involves the formation of
water from the reactants.
 Sulfuric acid is usually used to
catalyze the reaction
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9. Esterfication
Esters form by…
 dehydration synthesis.
 Synthesis involves the formation of
water from the reactants.
 Sulfuric acid is usually used to
catalyze the reaction
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10. Esterfication
R-O-H + H-O-C-R
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O
 What are the products?
 R-O-C-R + H-O
O
H
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10. Esterfication
R-O-H + H-O-C-R
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O
 What are the products?
 R-O-C-R + H-O
O
H
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11. Esterfication
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R-C-O-H + H-O-R
O
What are the products?
R-C-O-R +
O-H
O
H
11. Esterfication
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R-C-O-H + H-O-R
O
What are the products?
R-C-O-R +
O-H
O
H
12. Ester Nomenclature
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H H
HHH
H-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- H
HH
OH HH
Name?
Name?
Ethanol
Butanoic acid
Ester structure
HH
HHH
H-C-C-O-C-C-C-C- H
H-O
HH
OHHH
H
Ester Name?
By product
Ethyl butanoate
water
12. Ester Nomenclature
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H H
HHH
H-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- H
HH
OH HH
Name?
Name?
Ethanol
Butanoic acid
Ester structure
HH
HHH
H-C-C-O-C-C-C-C- H
H-O
HH
OHHH
H
Ester Name?
By product
Ethyl butanoate
water
13. Ester Nomenclature
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HH
H HHH H
H-C-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- C- H
HHO
H HHH H
Name?
Name?
Propanoic acid Pentanol
Ester structure
HH
HHHH
H-C-C-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-H
H-O
HH
OHHHH
H
Ester Name?
By product
Ethyl butanoate
water
13. Ester Nomenclature
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HH
H HHH H
H-C-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- C- H
HHO
H HHH H
Name?
Name?
Propanoic acid Pentanol
Ester structure
HH
HHHH
H-C-C-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-H
H-O
HH
OHHHH
H
Ester Name?
By product
Pentyl propanoate
water
14. Esters Properties
Can have pleasant odors.
 They are used as flavorings in cakes,
candies, and other foods and as
ingredients in perfumes.
 The alcohols and especially the
organic acids which make up esters
can have very unpleasant odors.
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14. Esters Properties
Can have pleasant odors.
 They are used as flavorings in cakes,
candies, and other foods and as
ingredients in perfumes.
 The alcohols and especially the
organic acids which make up esters
can have very unpleasant odors.
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15. Halogenated Compounds
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FHHH F
H-C-C-C-C-C-H
HHF HH
Name?
H H Br H
H-C-C-C-C-H
H F H Cl
Name?
15. Halogenated Compounds
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FHHH F
H-C-C-C-C-C-H
HHF HH
1,3,5-trifluoro-pentane
H H Br H
H-C-C-C-C-H
H F H Cl
2-Bromo-1-Choloro-3-Fluoro-butane
16. Amines
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HHHH
H-N-C-C-C-C-H
HHHHH
? Name
HHH
H-N-C-C-C-N-H
HHHHH
? Name
16. Amines
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HHHH
H-N-C-C-C-C-H
HHHHH
butanamine
HHH
H-N-C-C-C-N-H
HHHHH
1,4 butandiamine
17. Amino Acids
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HHO
 H-N-C-C-O-H
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H
H HO
H-N-C-C-O-H
H-C-H
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H
 How do they differ from each other?
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17. Amino Acids
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HHO
 H-N-C-C-O-H
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H
H HO
H-N-C-C-O-H
H-C-H
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H
 The branch off the center carbon
differs.
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18. Amino Acids
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HHO
 H-N-C-C-O-H
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H
H HO
H-N-C-C-O-H
H-C-H
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H
 How do these molecules join?
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18. Amino Acids
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HHO
 H-N-C-C-O-H
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H
H HO
H-N-C-C-O-H
H-C-H
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H
 The molecules join by dehydration
synthesis
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19. Amino Acids
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HHO
 H-N-C-C-O-H
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H
H HO
H-N-C-C-O-H
H-C-H
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H
 What are the products of this
synthesis?
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19. Amino Acids
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HHOH HO
 H-N-C-C-N-C-C-O-H + H-O
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H H-C-H
H
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H
 Dipeptide
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20. Amino Acids
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HHOH HO
 H-N-C-C-N-C-C-O-H + H-O
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H H-C-H
H
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H
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What codes for the sequence of amino
acids in a polypeptide/protein?
20. Amino Acids
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HHOH HO
 H-N-C-C-N-C-C-O-H + H-O
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H H-C-H
H
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H
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DNA codes for the sequence of amino
acids in a polypeptide / protein.