Download Carbon Compounds Power Point

Mad Cow Disease
Scrapie in sheep
SKEPTICS?????

What are proteins? How do they differ from
DNA and RNA? How can a protein without
hereditary material infect another organism
and the increase in numbers resulting in
disease???????
BIOCHEMISTRY!!!
 The
chemistry of life…………..
2 General Categories of
Compounds…
 1.

They DO NOT contain
carbon!
 2.

Inorganic Compounds:
Organic Compounds:
The DO contain carbon!
Carbon
Compounds!!!
The “Swiss Army Knife” of
Chemistry!!!
Chapter 3
4 major organic compounds we will be
learning about are:

1. carbohydrates

2. lipids

3. proteins

4. nucleic acids
Review: Atoms

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Atomic mass = P and N (nucleus)
Atomic no. = # of P (same as no. of e-)
Shells: “maximum”

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1st shell = 2 electrons
2nd shell = 8 electrons
3rd shell = 8 electrons
4th shell = 18 electrons
5th shell = 18 electrons
6th shell = 32 electrons
7th shell = 32 electrons
What does each line (bond)
represent??


Each line represents a pair of electrons
from the OUTER RINGS OF THE ATOMS.
Let’s try CH4
 Carbon’s atomic number is 6
 Hydrogen’s atomic number is 1
 DRAW THIS COMPOUND WITH
COVALENT BONDS, THEN A
STRUCTURAL FORMULA!
Carbon Bonding!

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*
Carbon is essential to life
for several reasons:


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It can form strong stable
(usually non-polar)
covalent bonds
It can form up to 4
chemical bonds
It can form multiple bonds
Carbon can bond to form a number of
different shapes!
Straight chain, branched and ring!!
Large Carbon Molecules


1. Monomers = small simple molecule.
2. Polymers = repeated single molecule
units linked together
Continue…

3. Macromolecules: large polymers
Functional Groups
 Clusters
of atoms that influence
the properties of the molecules
they compose!
1.
Hydroxyl group
-OH
Alcohol (usually “ol” ending)
Organic compound with hydroxyl group
attached to one of its carbon atoms
 Examples:


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1. ethanol = found in alcoholic beverages,
causes cell death in liver and brain cells
CH3CH2OH
More Examples of Alcohols

2. Methanol = wood alcohol, can cause
blindness or even death when
consumed (formaldehyde)

3. Glycerol = humans need this
alcohol to assemble certain molecules
necessary for life (lipids)
4 Major Elements in Living
Organisms!! – show examples!

Carbon: 4 bonds - “C”

Nitrogen: 3 Bonds - “N”

Oxygen: 2 bonds - “O”

Hydrogen: 1 bond - “H”
Let’s Practice!!

Molecular Formulas = WORDS IN
CHEMISTRY!!

Structural Formulas = PICTURES IN
CHEMISTRY!!!
Draw the structural formulas for the
following:

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H2O
CO2
CH3OH
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2OH
CH3CHOHCHOHCH2OH
Still Harder!!!

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H2NCH2COOH
C6H12O6
What is the molecular formula for the
following?
What is the molecular formula??
Let us practice with “Play-doh”…….
Cell’s energy: ATP + H2OADP

The energy compound of living cells!
 Adenosine triphosphate
ATP

*
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Short for Adenosine Tri-Phosphate. ATP is
closely related to nucleic acids.
Composed of Ribose, Adenine & a phosphate
group
Phosphate group has ability to bind/release
additional phosphate group allowing it to store
or release energy