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Starter 1. 2. 3. 4. Name the 6th member of the alkanes. Name the 1st member of the alkenes. Name the 2nd member of the cycloalkanes. What is the general formula for the cycloalkanes? 5. What bonding is present in the cycloalkanes? 6. What is a homologous series? Alkanols (Alcohols) Alcohols • Look like alkanes but contain a hydroxyl (OH) group. • names similar to alkanes but ending in ‘OL’, and each contains the hydroxyl group, OH, in place of a hydrogen atom. e.g. second alcohol is ethanol (C2H5OH) Shortened structural formula: CH3CH2OH Name of alkanol Molecular formula Methanol CH3OH Ethanol C2H5OH Propanol C3H7OH Butanol C4H9OH Full structural Formula Shortened structural formula CH3OH CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CH2OH Pentanol C5H11OH CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH Hexanol C6H13OH CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2O H Heptanol C7H15OH CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH C8H17OH CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH Octanol Naming Alkanols Rules 1. Longest chain containing OH gives alkane name (replace e with ol) 2. Number carbon atoms in the chain start from the end closest to the OH. 3. For chains of 3 or more carbons name the position of the OH must be given. 4. Any branches must be named and numbered. Propan-2-ol Dehydration of Alkanols Dehydration= removal of water Alcohol equivalent Alkene + water Butan-1-ol But-1-ene + water + O H H