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Transcript 
RECTIFICATION
X-RAY CIRCUIT
Whenever the art of medicine is loved, there is also
love for humanity.
Hippocrates
RECTIFICATION
PROCESS BY WHICH
ALTERNATING CURRENT IS
CHANGED TO PULSATING DIRECT
CURRENT
A/C GENERATOR A/C CURRENT
1 PHASE
A/C ( UNRECTIFIED)- FREQUENCY 60 Hz
60 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC
60 NEGATIVE PULSES/SEC
60 POSITIVE
PULSES
60 NEGATIVE
PULSES
120 PULSES
60 FULL CYCLES
D/C GENERATOR D/C PULSATING
CURRENT
Pulsating D/C vs A/C
How an Electric Generator Works
BATTERY – CURRENT OUTPUT
STEADY D/C
A/C vs Steady D/C
rectification
D/C HALF WAVE RECTIFIED
D/C HALF-WAVE – 60 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC
NEGATIVE PULSES ARE SUPPRESSED
1 PULSE/CYCLE
D/C FULL WAVE RECTIFIED
D/C HALF-WAVE – 120 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC
2 PULSES/CYCLE
THREE PHASE POWER
http://www.shermanlab.com/xmw
ang/javappl/acMotor1.html
D/C -3 PHASE 6 PULSE
CURRENT
D/C 3 PHASE 6 PULSE – 6 PULSES/CYCLE
D/C - 3 PHASE 12 PULSE
D/C 3 PHASE 12 PULSE – 12 PULSES/CYCLE
DIODES OR VALVE TUBES HELP
RECTIFY A/C CURRENT
ELECTRONS
DIODE
VALVE TUBE
VALVE TUBE
DIODE
X-RAY TUBE FORWARD BIAS
REVERSE BIAS
-
+
NO
X-RAY
FORWARD vs REVERSE
RECTIFICATION TYPES
► HALF-WAVE
► FULL
WAVE
► THREE PHASE SIX PULSE
► THREE PHASE TWELVE PULSE
► HIGH FREQUENCY SINGLE PHASE
RECTIFICATION – I PHASE
NO RECTIFICATION
HALF-WAVE
FULL-WAVE
THREE PHASE POWER
http://www.shermanlab.com/xmw
ang/javappl/acMotor1.html
3 PHASE RECTIFICATION
3 PHASE RECTIFICATION
HIGH FREQUENCY RECTIFICATION
HALF-WAVE RECTIFICATION
HALF-WAVE RECTIFICATION
FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION
FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION
FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION
3 PHASE 6 PULSE
3 PHASE 12 PULSE
HIGH FREQUENCY
RIPPLE
VOLTAGE RIPPLE
► HALF
WAVE------------------- 100%
► FULL WAVE ------------------ 100%
► 3 PHASE 6 PULSE ----------- 13%
► 3 PHASE 12 PULSE ---------- 4%
► HIGH FREQUENCY ---------- <1%
RIPPLE
200%
100%
100%
RIPPLE-3 PHASE
13%
RIPPLE-HIGH FREQUENCY
<1%
Home-made x-ray apparatus
CHECKING FAILURE OF
RECTIFICATION SYSTEM
► SPINNING
TOP TEST – 1 PHASE
EQUIPMENT
► SYNCHRONOUS SPINNING TOP TEST3 PHASE WITH LONGER EXPOSURE
TIMES
► OSCILLOSCOPE- 3 PHASE EQUIPMENT
WITH SHORT EXPOSURE TIMES
SPINNING TOP TEST
RESULT OF SPINNING TOP TEST1 PHASE - DASHES
HALF- WAVE RECTIFICATION
# OF DASHES = TIME (SEC) x 60 PULSES
FULL- WAVE RECTIFICATION
# OF DASHES = TIME (SEC) x 120 PULSES
RESULT OF SYNCHRONOUS
SPINNING TOP TEST-3PHASE
ARC
3 PHASE RECTIFICATIONLONGER EXPOSURE TIME
DEG. OF ARC = 360°/ sec x TIME (sec)
UTILIZING OSCILLOSCOPE
UTILIZING OSCILLOSCOPE
RECTIFIED SYSTEM
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