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DISTRIBUTED GENERATION,
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND
SUSTAINABILITY. IMPACT ON
POWER QUALITY AND
NETWORK PLANNING
“Inauguration of the 6th Framework Programme”
25-26 of November 2002. Warsaw
Pablo Eguia
Electrical Engineering Department
University of the Basque Country
INTRODUCTION
Distributed Generation: power generation facilities connected to
the distribution network. Main characteristics:
• Geographically dispersed
• Low installed capacity
• Renewable energy sources as primary energy
• Cogeneration and new technologies
• Not centrally planned
• Non-despatchable
INTRODUCTION
Huge increases expected:
• White paper: 2010 12 % Total Energy Consumption by RES
22 % Electricity by RES facilities
• New technologies: microturbines, fuel cells,…
Thousands of new facilities connected to
electricity distribution networks
¿?
FOCUS
Our proposal focuses on the impact of distributed generation on the
distribution network from an overall point of view:
• power quality issues
• operation and control issues
• protection issues
• regulatory framework issues
integrated solution for the
problems imposed on the
distribution network by
the distributed generation
Sustainable Energy Supply System
OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH
Power Quality:
• Impact depends on several factors: type of network, type of d.g. plant,
demand in the network, etc
• Research actions on:
• Impact of distributed generation facilities on distribution network
quality of supply
• Impact of power quality disturbances on distributed generation facilities
OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH
Operation and control:
• Actually d.g. facilities do not provide support services to the power system
(voltage and frequency control)
• Research actions on:
• Forecasting primary energy availability and plant electricity output for
different time horizons
• Frequency and voltage control for the different types of distributed
generation units
• Integration of d.g. plant control system with the distribution network
control system
OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH
Protection:
• From a protection point of view d.g. facilities are different from actual
power plants. New solution needed for:
• Minimising the risk of damage to customers and the d.g. plant
• Maintaining security of supply
• Avoiding forced outages of unfaulted d.g. plant
• Research actions on the dynamic response of the d.g. plant:
• Dynamic models for the different d.g. facilities
• Critical clearing times consistent with generator dynamic stability
• Capacity of the d.g. plant to switchover to islanded operation
• Etc.
OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH
Regulatory framework:
• Actual regulatory frameworks are not prepared for high d.g. penetration into
the distribution networks
• Research actions on :
• Connection requirements for distributed generation plants
• Distribution activity remuneration scheme with incentives for new d.g.
connection
• Methodology for establishing distribution network tariffs and its
allocation among customers (consumers and distributed generators)
• Methodology for distribution losses evaluation and allocation
• Quality of supply framework for the distribution network
NEED AND RELEVANCE
• The research efforts stated are all focused to overcome the
problems of integrating distributed generation facilities into
distribution systems and into the operation of the power system
• D.G. technologies comprise renewable and cogeneration. The
research proposed will help to achieve:
• Greenhouse gasses and
pollutant emissions reduction
objectives
• Security of energy supply
enhancement
• Compete in terms of price
with traditional technologies
Sustainable
European Energy
Supply System