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20.2 Resonant switch topologies Basic ZCS switch cell: SPST switch SW: • Voltage-bidirectional two-quadrant switch for half-wave cell • Current-bidirectional two-quadrant switch for full-wave cell Connection of resonant elements: Can be connected in other ways that preserve high-frequency components of tank waveforms Fundamentals of Power Electronics 1 Chapter 20: Quasi-Resonant Converters Connection of tank capacitor Connection of tank capacitor to two other points at ac ground. This simply changes the dc component of tank capacitor voltage. The ac highfrequency components of the tank waveforms are unchanged. Fundamentals of Power Electronics 2 Chapter 20: Quasi-Resonant Converters A test to determine the topology of a resonant switch network Replace converter elements by their high-frequency equivalents: • Independent voltage source Vg: short circuit • Filter capacitors: short circuits • Filter inductors: open circuits The resonant switch network remains. If the converter contains a ZCS quasi-resonant switch, then the result of these operations is Fundamentals of Power Electronics 3 Chapter 20: Quasi-Resonant Converters Zero-current and zero-voltage switching ZCS quasi-resonant switch: • Tank inductor is in series with switch; hence SW switches at zero current • Tank capacitor is in parallel with diode D2; hence D2 switches at zero voltage Discussion • Zero voltage switching of D2 eliminates switching loss arising from D2 stored charge. • Zero current switching of SW: device Q1 and D1 output capacitances lead to switching loss. In full-wave case, stored charge of diode D1 leads to switching loss. • Peak transistor current is (1 + Js) Vg/R0, or more than twice the PWM value. Fundamentals of Power Electronics 4 Chapter 20: Quasi-Resonant Converters 20.2.1 The zero-voltage-switching quasi-resonant switch cell When the previously-described operations are followed, then the converter reduces to A full-wave version based on the PWM buck converter: Fundamentals of Power Electronics 5 Chapter 20: Quasi-Resonant Converters ZVS quasi-resonant switch cell Switch conversion ratio Tank waveforms half-wave v Cr(t) V1 full-wave Subinterval: 1 2 3 iLr(t) ZVS boundary = 0t 4 I2 0Ts A problem with the quasi-resonant ZVS switch cell: peak transistor voltage becomes very large when zero voltage switching is required for a large range of load currents. Fundamentals of Power Electronics 6 Conducting devices: X D2 D1 Q 1 D2 Q1 Chapter 20: Quasi-Resonant Converters 20.2.2 The ZVS multiresonant switch When the previously-described operations are followed, then the converter reduces to A half-wave version based on the PWM buck converter: Fundamentals of Power Electronics 7 Chapter 20: Quasi-Resonant Converters 20.2.3 Quasi-square-wave resonant switches ZCS When the previouslydescribed operations are followed, then the converter reduces to ZVS Fundamentals of Power Electronics 8 Chapter 20: Quasi-Resonant Converters A quasi-square-wave ZCS buck with input filter • The basic ZCS QSW switch cell is restricted to 0 ≤ µ ≤ 0.5 • Peak transistor current is equal to peak transistor current of PWM cell • Peak transistor voltage is increased • Zero-current switching in all semiconductor devices Fundamentals of Power Electronics 9 Chapter 20: Quasi-Resonant Converters A quasi-square-wave ZVS buck i2 (t) v2 (t) V1 0 Conducting devices: 0t 0Ts D1 Q1 X D2 X • The basic ZVS QSW switch cell is restricted to 0.5 ≤ µ ≤ 1 • Peak transistor voltage is equal to peak transistor voltage of PWM cell • Peak transistor current is increased • Zero-voltage switching in all semiconductor devices Fundamentals of Power Electronics 10 Chapter 20: Quasi-Resonant Converters Zero-voltage switching quasi-resonant switch Buck converter implementation Conversion ratio Half wave Full wave ZVS boundary Fundamentals of Power Electronics 11 Chapter 20: Quasi-Resonant Converters