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Spark Plugs Used to conduct secondary (high voltage) ignition into combustion chamber for the purpose of igniting the air/fuel mixture. Three main parts Threaded shell Means to remove and insert spark plug Seal the combustion chamber Center electrode Conducts high voltage Provides air gap for spark to jump Ceramic insulator Insulates voltage going down center electrode Conducts heat Spark Plugs 3 Steps to selecting a high performance plug Shell Design Physical dimensions of threads Seat design Gasketed (Remember to use gasket! Indexing plugs Tapered seat (mostly Ford) Electrode and gap designs (draw on board) Surface Gap “V” Gap Retracted “R” Gap Regular Gap Cut-Back Ground Electrode Angled “A” Gap Fine-Wire Electrodes Projected Nose “Y” Gap Spark Plugs Heat range selections (draw on board) “Relative temperature” of the core nose Heat dissipation from firing end to cooling system “Cold” plug Transfers heat rapidly Avoids overheated plugs Use to avoid detonation If too cold won’t burn off deposits “Hot” plug Slower rate of heat transfer Avoids fouling Longer core nose If too hot will cause detonation or melt Spark Plugs Heat range considerations Air/fuel mixture Spark advance Compression ratio Fuel types Pump gas Nitrous Super or turbo-charging When modifying a stock engine Heat range will primarily be what you are changing Does not give you extra power, keeps you from losing power when driving under heavy load for long periods of time Normal change will be 1 or 2 heat ranges colder. Unusual to go hotter. Too cold and plugs will foul during normal driving. Fouling is the build-up of deposits Heat range has absolutely nothing to do with cold-start Spark plug gap. Turbo applications with stock ignition may require closer gaps. Don’t be afraid to play with gap. It’s free but won’t give you any power. Spark Plugs Spark plug types Platinum Iridium Multiple electrode/ground U-Groove Spark jumps to sharp edge Spark plug gimmicks I wish I had no morals, I’d be rich Split fire Pulse plug E3 If they seemed to work in your car, it was because there was something wrong with your existing plugs. Spark Plugs Installing Anti-sieze Silver Cadmium plating Black oxide Zinc Chromate Tips on removing stuck plugs Try to gently remove Spray penetrating oil around base of plug Rock back and forth Slowly apply additional torque May be wrong plugs