Download Comparison of Three Sources of CO2 (Electrochemical Generation

Comparison of Three Sources of
CO2 (Electrochemical Generation,
Propane Combustion and
Compressed Gas Cylinder) for
Mosquito Surveillance
Daniel L. Kline
USDA-ARS, CMAVE
Gainesville, FL
[email protected]
CO2 Short History
• 1922 Rudolfs reported that carbon dioxide was
a mosquito attractant
• 1934 Headlee reported that delivering CO2 gas
over a New Jersey light trap for only 2 hr each
evening increased the mosquito catch by 400500%
• 1942 Reeves & Hammon were two of the first
to seriously propose the addition of CO2 to light
traps to increase mosquito catches.
• Not all species are attracted equally by the
addition of CO2.
Available Sources
•
•
•
•
•
•
Human and animal sources
Dry ice
Compressed (pressurized) gas cylinders
Propane combustion
Solid impregnate technology
Yeast fermentation
– Anaerobic
– Aerobic
Available Sources
• Sodium bicarbonate/acid drip method
• Sterno combustion
• Fuel cells
Coleman MD-2500
USDA CSREES grant award No.
2005-3361-15563, entitled
“Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide
Generator for Mosquito
Surveillance”
Dr. Henri Maget
Med-e-Cell
San Diego, CA
SBIR Phase I Overall
Objective
Determine the feasibility of using Med-eCell’s electrochemical CO2 generation
technology for mosquito surveillance.
Phase I Specific Objective
Develop an experimental CO2 generator capable
of producing up to 200 ml of CO2 per minute.
Electrochemical Generation of CO2
By applying voltage across an electrochemical cell containing a
carboxylic acid (e.g. oxalic acid), the following reactions take
place:
Anode reaction:
HOOC-COOH
2 CO2 + 2H+ + 2e-
Cathode reaction:
2H+ + 2e-
H2
Overall process:
HOOC-COOH
2 CO2 + H2
Prototype Carbon Dioxide
Generator
• The generator geometry is 6.5 x 5 x 4 cm and
weighs less than 100 grams
• The first prototype generator operated from an
AC/DC converter at 5 Amps and 3.8 volts
producing 9 liters of CO2/hr for a period of 4
hours (150 ml/min); consumed 67 grams of
oxalic acid
• The cost to operate the device at that rate and
duration would be about 25 cents for the organic
acid and 1 cent in power
• The size of the generator can be increased (or
decreased) and the production rate of CO2 also
Other Prototype Features
• No valves, manifolds, etc.
• Can be started manually (switch) or by
timer
• The rate can be increased/decreased at
will by adjusting the current
• The system price is in the vicinity of $100
• The system is battery compatible
• The system is ideally suited for solar
energy, since it is a low voltage device
Mosquitoes Released
in Each Cage
Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (500)
Aedes aegypti (500)
Large Cage Studies
CO2 Sources
Mosqutioes collected
3000
Total mosquitoes
2500
Ae. aegypti
Oc. taeniorhyncus
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Cylinder
Propane
Med-e-Cell
SBIR Phase II Plans
• Develop an integrated monitoring system
which would include:
– The electrochemical CO2 generator and
octenol dispenser as described in this talk
– A way to generate moisture and heat as a byproduct of the electrochemical process
– Electronic time-release circuitry to start/stop
the CO2 and to deliver pulses of CO2
– A solar power source to allow complete
system autonomy