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Transcript
DC bus for photovoltaic power supplying computing loads Vincent Flaherty 4th year Electronic Engineering Project Aims • The aim of this project is to investigate if the efficiency of power delivered from a domestic PV installation can be improved by supplying such DC loads through a DC bus instead of through an AC grid connection. Progress to Date • Research of PV systems. • Review of power consumption of different loads. • Review of PV inverters. Progress to Date • Investigation and PSPICE simulation of AC/DC converter. • Full Wave Rectifier • Flyback Converter PV systems • PV modules convert sunlight to electricity. • Made from semiconductor materials. • General efficiency (6 – 20%) • An ideal solar cell can be modelled using a current source in parallel with a diode Power Consumption • The average power consumption for a range of electrical devices which drive DC loads. Appliance Consumption LCD Television 213 Watts Plasma Television 339 Watts Playstation 3 197 Watts Xbox 360 187 Watts Average PC 78 Watts Nintendo Wii 19 Watts Wireless Router 7 Watts [Figure taken from cnet.com] PV Inverters • Used to change DC electricity to AC electricity. • 2 main types used with PV systems. • Grid-tie inverters. • Battery backup inverters • Solar inverters use procedures such as MPPT to deal with the PV array. MPPT • DC/DC converter functions as optimal load for a PV cell. • MPPT is used by solar inverters to get the most power possible from a PV array. • Can be used with or without batteries. • The benefits of MPPT regulators are greatest during cold, hazy or cloudy weather. Fullwave Rectifier • Used to convert AC to DC. • Most simple method of conversion. • Quite easily simulated using PSPICE. Fullwave Rectifier Flyback Converter • DC/DC converter with isolation between input and output. • Very similar to Buck-Boost converter. • Voltage ratios can be multiplied due to turns in transformer. • Can operate over a wide range of inputs. Flyback Converter Major Challenges • Finding circuit schematic for AC/DC adapter. • Effective simulation of Flyback converter. Next Steps • Finalisation of Flyback converter simulation. • Investigation and simulation of other DC/DC converters. (Buck, Boost etc.) Questions?