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PSCAD Simulation of Grid Tied Photovoltaic and Wind Farms By Abdulrahman Kalbat PSCAD/EMTDC • PSCAD: Power Systems Computer Aided Design • PSCAD is Graphical User Interface for EMTDC simulation engine • EMTDC: Electromagnetic Transients including DC • Simulate time domain instantaneous response of the power systems www.pscad.com PSCAD Vs. Simulink • PSCAD’s interface is specialized for power system networks • Faster time domain simulation speed • Matlab/Simulink Interface in PSCAD • Availability of the models for Solar Panels and Wind Turbines Venayagamoorthy, Ganesh K., “Comparison of power system simulation studies on different platforms – RSCAD, PSCAD/EMTDC, and SIMULINK SimPowerSystems,” International Conference on Power System Operations and Planning, 2005 Power Network Under Study • Complete Utility Grid (from generation to distribution) • Utility Scale PV System • Utility Scale Wind Turbine System Previous Research Done • Electrical model development and validation for distributed resources for NREL [1] • Modeling of a photovoltaic system with a distributed energy storage system [2] • Power quality effects of high PV penetration on Distribution Networks [3] [1] M.G. Simões, B. Palle, S. Chakraborty, and C. Uriarte, “Electrical Model Development and Validation for Distributed Resources ,” NREL, Golden, CO, 2007 [2} Anthony W. Ma, “MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM WITH A DISTRIBUTED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM,” M.S. Thesis, Dept. Elect. Eng., California Polytechnic State Univ., San Luis Obispo, CA, 2012 [3] Minas Patsalides, et. al., “Towards the establishment of maximum PV generation limits due to power quality constraints,” Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Expected Results • Effects of PV and Wind systems on the power quality of the utility grid • Frequency • Voltage • System’s response to faults: • Line to line faults • Line to ground faults • Lightning strikes Solar Photovoltaic Model Photovoltaic Model Maximum Power Point Tracker Model • Directly convert solar energy into • Ensure optimum output at varying electricity temperature and insolation • Regulate and step-down the high voltage of the PV array. Models developed by: Athula Rajapakse, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada Grid Connected PV Grid Connected PV Solar Radiation + Cell Temperature Data PV Array + Output Capacitor DC-DC Converter for MPP Tracking DC-bus Capacitor and Start-up Charging 3-phase Inverter Bridge Anthony W. Ma, “MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM WITH A DISTRIBUTED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM ,” M.S. Thesis, Dept. Elect. Eng., California Polytechnic State Univ., San Luis Obispo, CA, 2012 Maximum Power Point Tracker Variable Solar Radiation Increase Solar Radiation Increase Short Circuit Current Maximum Power Point Tracker Variable Temperature Increase Temperature Decrease Open Circuit Voltage Maximum Power Point Tracker Maximum Power Yield Maximum Power Point Tracker Regulate and step-down the high voltage of the PV array. 3-Phase Inverter 3-Phase Inverter Output Current Output Voltage Wind Turbine Model Inputs • Vw: Wind speed (must be a positive value) [m/s] • W: Machine mechanical speed [rad/s] • Beta: Pitch angle [°] Inputs • Wm: Mechanical speed of the machine [rad/s] • Pg: Power output of the machine based on the machine rating [p.u.] Outputs • Tm: Output torque of the turbine [p.u.] • P: Output power of the turbine [p.u.] Output Beta: Pitch angle [°] Thank You