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Cloning types
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Molecular cloning
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procedure of isolating a DNA sequence of interest and obtaining multiple copies of it in an
organism.
frequently employed to amplify DNA fragments containing genes, an essential step in their
subsequent analysis.
cloning of any DNA sequence involves the following four steps:
fragmentation, ligation, transfection, and screening/selection.
Genetic cloning
– Cloning a cell means to derive a (clonal) population of cells from a single cell.
Asexual reproduction (also known as agamogenesis) is a form of reproduction
which does not involve meiosis, gamete formation, or fertilization.
– In laymen's terms, there is only one "parent" involved.
– common among simple organisms such as amoeba and other single-celled
organisms,
Horticultural
-clone in horticulture means all descendants of a single plant, produced by vegetative reproduction
-many horticultural plant cultivars are clones - multiplied by some process other than sexual
reproduction.
e.g. some European grapes represent clones that have been propagated for over two
millennia.
other examples are potato and banana.
-Grafting can be regarded as cloning, since all the shoots and branches coming from the graft are
genetically a clone of a single individual
-Many trees, shrubs, vines, ferns and other herbaceous perennials form clonal colonies.