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Monocots II Sedges have edges Rushes are round Grasses have nodes from the top to the ground General flowers Juncaceae - Rush family • • • • • • Perennial herbs Spiral, sheathing leaves Trimerous flowers Actinomorphic flowers Loculicidal capsule 7 genera / 430 species P 3+3 [2+2 or 3] A 3+3 [3+0 or 2] G (3), superior, hypanthium absent Juncus acutus Juncus bufonius Juncus dubius Juncus dubius Juncus phaeocephalus Cyperaceae – Sedge Family • Sedges have edges • BUT, Scripus (Bulrush) has very round stems • Bristles or hairs in place of sepals and petals • Fruit is an achene or a nutlet and lensshaped or triangular • 90 genera and 4000 species Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperus papyrus - papyrus Eleocharis dulcis – water chestnut Poaceae - Grass family • • • • • • • • Hollow-pithed stems Open-sheathed, distichous leaves Ligule may be present at inner junction with blade Grass spikelet = axis + two basal glumes + 1-∞ florets Floret = short lateral axis + lemma + palea + flower Fruit is a caryopsis (grain). 668 genera / 9,500 species P 2-3 lodicules A 2-3 (pendulous) G (2-3) Economic Importance 1) Agricultural grains (most important food in world): barley (Hordeum) corn (Zea) oats (Avena) rice (Oryza) rye (Secale) wheat (Triticum); 2) forage and grazing plants; 3) important components of many ecosystems, such as grasslands and savannahs. distichous leaf arrangement open sheath ligule Bambusa spp. - Bamboo Fruit is a caryopsis Achnatherum coronatum Agrostis pallens Arundo donax Invasive Avena barbata Avena fatua – Wild Oats Bromus tectorum – Cheatgrass Invasive Cortaderia selloana – Pampas Grass Cynodon dactylon Bermuda Grass
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