Download Spermatophyta (seed plants)

Spermatophyta
(seed plants)
Gymnosperm/Pinophyta
Characteristics
o Vascular plant characterized by seed
(Spermatophyta)
o They don’t have real flower (they
only have cone/strobilus)
o Seed being naked on specialized leaf
or a scale of the cone
o Habitus: shrub, visible strolls,
vine, trees
o Have taproots
o Have branches stems
o Have hard, needle-like or fan like
leafs
Classification
1. Cycadinae
-
Haven’t branches
Have large cones
Leaves like palm’s leaves
Dioceus
Example: Cycas rumphii
Female strobilus
Male
strobilus
2. Coniferae
Many are large trees
o Needle-like leaves
o Evergreen (always green)
o They are usually
monocious
o Example: Pinus mercusii
o
Female strobilus
Male strobilus
3. Ginkgoinae
o It is a tall plant
o The leaf has a long stalk, is
fan-shaped, and has branched
veins
o In autumn, the leaves fall
o The outer cover of the seed is
fleshy, while the inner cover
is hard
o Example: Gingko biloba
4. Gnetinae
o Tropical trees, shrub or
vine
o Leaves look similar to
flower plant
o Seed look somewhat like
fruits
o Single leaves
o Example: Gnetum gnemon
o Penyerbukan adalah menempelnya
serbuk sari pada mikropil (liang
bakal biji) → Gymnosperm
o Penyerbukan adalah menempelnya
serbuk sari ke kepala putik →
Angiosperm
o Pembentukan megaspora disebut
megasporogenesis
o Pembentukan mikrospora disebut
mikrosporogenesis
o Pembentukan megagametofit disebut
megagametogenesis
Bakal biji
ada
Megasporangium (nuselus)
ada
Sel induk megaspora
meiosis
megasporogenesis
4 megaspora
1 megaspora fungsional
membelah
megagametofit
megagametogenesis
Angiosperm/Magnoliophyta
o Already have true flower
o The shape and composition of flower
vary but has the same basic parts,
that is petals, sepals, pistil and
stamen
o Pistil consist of styles, stigma,
and ovary which contains ovules
o Stamen consist of filaments and
anthers which contain pollen grains
o It has thin, wide leaves, and leaf
veins with varied composition
o Ovule or seed does not appear,
because it is covered by cotyledons
o It is undergoes double fertilization
Clasifications
o Monocot
o Dicots
: one cotyledon
: two cotyledons
Dicots versus Monocots Seeds
Dicots
Monocots
- Two cotyledons
- Flower parts in
fours or fives
- Leaves with distinct
vein network
- Vascular cambium
present
- Vascular bundles in
ring
- Pollen grain with
three apertures
- One cotyledon
- Flower parts in
threes
- Leaves with parallel
primary veins.
- Vascular cambium
absent
- Vascular bundles
scattered
- Pollen grain with one
aperture
Dicots
taproots
fibrous
Bakal biji
ada
Megasporangium (nuselus)
ada
megasporogenesis
Sel induk megaspora
meiosis
4 megaspora
1 megaspora fungsional
membelah
2 inti
Ke kutub kalaza
Ke kutub mikrofil
Membelah 2 kali
4 inti
1 inti ke tengah
Membelah 2 kali
4 inti
1 inti ke tengah
2 inti di tengah
kandung lembaga
3 inti membentuk sel 3 inti membentuk sel
Sel antipoda
Sel telur
Sel sinergid
Sel kandung
Lembaga (2n)
Mega
gameto
genesis
Kepala sari
ada
2 ruang sari
ada
2 kantong sari
(mikrosporangium)
mikrosporogenesis
Sel induk mikrospora
meiosis
4 sel mikrospora (n)
Serbuk sari
Sel vegetatif Sel generatif
2 Sel sperma
Di buluh
Serbuk
sari
Mikro
gameto
genesis
Pollination
o Based on agent
1. anemofili → wind
2. hidrofili → water
3. zoodiofili → animals
a. entomofili → insects
b. ornitofili → birds
c. kiropterofili → bats
d. malakofili → snails
4. antrofili → humans
o Based on falling down pollen grains to
stigma
1.
2.
3.
4.
autogami → alone
geitonogami → neighbour one plant
allogami → neighbour other plant (same kinds)
hibridogami → neighbour other plant (different
kinds)