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Very Important Rosids Including pumpkins!! Rosids • Many families in Colorado • Some are included in this overview Violaceae • SLIGHTLY IRREGULAR FLOWERS • SMALL HERBS • Alternate or basal leaves • 5 sepals, petals and stamen • Three united carpels Violaceae – World-wide dist. Viola – zygomorphic flowers Viola – side view Violaceae fruit - loculicidal capsule Viola - cleistogamous flowers • Some species produce flowers at the base of the plant • These flowers never open • Self-pollinate Salicaceae • Trees and shrubs with alternate leaves in moist soil • Catkins – unisexual flower racemes • Catkins form from many small capsules • Includes many ecologically imp spp in CO Salicaceae – Cottonwood Salix spp. Willow shrubs Populus tremuloides - Aspen Fabaceae • • • • “Banner, wings, and keel” Pea-like pods and often pinnate leaves Third largest family with 18,000 species High nitrogen metabolism, often symbiotic with bacteria • Leaves alternate, usually compound • Inflorescence usually indeterminate • Flowers varied, fruit usually a legume Beans are legumes This is the second most important crop family after grasses (Poaceae Fabaceae (cont). • Sometimes as 3 families Arachis hypogea - peanut Rosaceae • FIVE-MEROUS W/ NUMEROUS STAMEN • Oval, serrated leaves • Hypanthium, radial symmetry, lots of stamens • Flower more or less constant, fruit varies • Herbs, shrubs, trees • Lv alt, with stipules, simple or compd, often with gland tipped teeth The Rose (family) Bowl • Fruits eaten, also many ornamentals • Apples, plums, peaches, apricots, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, • Ornamentals are Rosa, Potentilla, Amelanchier More Rosaceae • Raspberry type: Superior ovary, several separate carpels, drupelets • Strawberry type: Superior ovary, several separate carpels, achenes, fleshy receptacle • Plums: INFERIOR ovary, 1 carpel, 1 seed, drupe • Many wild roses have hips Rosaceae - Hypanthium Rose hips Many roses are hybrids • Tea roses were named as their scent was reminiscent of Chinese black tea • Tea roses flower more than once a year • BUT they are not cold tolerant • Other types of roses are cold tolerant (like our wild rose) • Blending of the hybrids gave the modern “Tea Hybrid” • Most common hybrid Peace tea hybrid rose Cucurbitaceae • Gourd or cucumber family • VINES with TENDRILS • FUNNEL-SHAPED FLOWERS FORMING LARGE 3 OR 4 CARPELED FRUITS • Include PUMPKINS, squash, gourds • 850 species Cucurbitaceae – Separate male and female flowers plants are monoecious or dioecious Echinocystis lobata – Mock cucumber Citrullus vulgaris - watermelon Luffa spp. Luffa continued Cucurbita pepo fruit
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