Download Classification of Life - christophersonbiology

Wake-up
1. Explain a vestigial structure.
2. Explain the difference between divergent
and convergent evolution.
Questions are
on the white
board.
Classification of Life
Christopherson
Group the
beads in the
bag on your
desk.
Briefly explain
how your
categorized
them in your
notes
What is Classification?
Method by which biologists group and
categorize organisms.
What is Taxonomy?
Science of Classification
History of Classification: Aristotle
Grouped all living things
into two main groups:
Plants and Animals
He further divided
animals:
Blood versus Bloodless
And where they lived:
Land, Air or Water
According to Aristotle…….
A bird, bat and butterfly are all in the same group
Great Chain of
Being
“Scala Naturae”
Aristotle's view of
life was
hierarchical;
creatures could be
grouped in order
from lowest to
highest, with the
human species
being the highest.
Exploration Era
Exploration era allowed many new specimens
to be discovered
Had
Names
Many
to new
classify
wereplants
changing
the and
newconstantly
animals
organisms
were
and
and
brought
ended
name up
them;
back
being
toIn
naming,
Europe
taxonomist
from Asia,
very
used
Africa,
long
Latinand
descriptive
Americas
words.
What was the scientific name for a
Honey Bee in the Exploration Era?
Apis pubescens, thorace, subgriseo, abdomine, fusco,
Pedibins, posticisglabis, untrinque, margine, ciliates
Wake-up
1. How did scientific names get “out of hand”
during the Exploration Era?
2. According to Aristotle, group animals
together. For example, in your notes
yesterday, a bird, bat and butterfly were
together.
Carlos Linnaeus
Father of Taxonomy
Developed a
system for
universal system
for naming
organisms:
Binomial
Nomenclature
Binomial Nomenclature
Each organism is named using two Latin
descriptive words:
1. Genus: Group of closely related species
2. Species: Group of interbreeding organisms.
Most similar
Rules for Binomial Nomenclature
1. Capitalize the
Genus and the
species is lower
case
2. Underline or
italicize both
genus and
species
Organism #1: Drosera rotundifolia
The scientific name
Drosera
What
is
its
common
Rotundifolia is
name?
derived
from the
word “Drosos”
Sun
Dew
which
means
“Dew
or Dewdrops”
Rotundfolia means
“Round Leaves”
Life: Plants Clip 9:34
Organism #2: Mantis religiosa
The scientific
name Mantodea
Whatcomes
is itsfrom
common
a
name?
word
meaning
“Prophet”. It was
named this
is
Praying
Mantis
1838 by Herman
Burmeister.
Religiosa means
“religious”
Organism #3: Hippocampus abdominalis
What is its common
“Hippocampus”
name?
means horse and
“abdominalis” means
Pot-Bellied
Seahorse
abdominal.
Video Link #2
Seven Levels of Taxonomic Organization
Remember this
sentence to help:
King Phillip
Came Over From
Germany Singing
Six Kingdoms of Life
Six Kingdoms of Life
Kingdom:
Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Autotroph/Heterotrop
h
Example: Thermophiles “Heating-Loving Bacteria
Six Kingdoms of Life
Kingdom:
Eubacteria
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Autotroph/Heterotrop
h
Example: Escherichia coli aka E. coli
Six Kingdoms of Life
Kingdom: Protista
Eukaryotic
Unicellular/Multicellul
ar
Autotroph/Heterotrop
h
Example: Amoeba proteus aka Amoeba
Six Kingdoms of Life
Kingdom: Fungi
Eukaryotic
Unicellular/Multicellul
ar
Autotroph/Heterotrop
h
Example: Amanita muscaria aka Fly Agaric
Six Kingdoms of Life
Kingdom: Plants
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Autotroph
Example: Passiflora incarnata aka Passion Flower
Six Kingdoms of Life
Kingdom:
Animals
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Heterotroph
Wake-up
1. An organisms genus is acer and its species is
rubrum. Write this correctly using binomial
nomenclature.
2. List the seven levels of taxonomic
organization from most specific to broades.