Download Notes Unit 3 Part 1 POWERPOINT

Biology Notes
Cell Energy
Part 3
Pages 639-655
Standard
____
3.1 Relate the structure of each of the major
plant organs and tissues to physiological
processes
Essential Question:
1. How have the structures and functions of
plants enabled them to survive?
I. Plants
Plants = multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms that
walls and carry out photosynthesis
have cell _____
______________
e.g.
ferns, everglades, pine trees, flowers,
maple trees, fruit trees, etc.
nucleus
• eukaryote = cells that have a ________
II. Plant Organs
A. Roots
water and _________
nutrients
• roots function to absorb _____
into the plant as well as to anchor the plant in
soil
the ____
in order to function properly, plants need to
N __,
P __,
K ___,
Ca and
uptake specific minerals: __,
Mg
___
N and __
this is why most fertilizers contain __
P
 root hairs = tiny cellular projections from
increase the surface area of
roots that ________
absorption for water and nutrients from the
soil
B. Stems
• stems function to transport food and water
roots to leaves and support branches
from _____
and leaves
C. Leaves
• leaves function to provide a broad, flat
light absorption
surface for _____
D. Flowers
• IF a plant has flowers, it is the reproductive
center
________
• some flowers are colored brightly to encourage
pollination by insects
____________
E. Fruits
ovary of that
• IF a plant has fruit, it is the mature _______
plant
F. Cones
ovary of that
• IF a plant has cones, it is the female ______
plant
III. Plant Tissue Systems
A. Dermal Tissue = tissue that functions as the
supports and
outer skin of a plant that _________
environment
protects the plant from the ____________
• the outer surface of epidermal cells found in
dermal tissue is covered in a waterproof waxy
cuticle
coat called the _______
B. Vascular Tissue = specialized tissue divided
water and
into subsystems that moves ______
nutrients throughout the plant
plant
• found in the innermost part of the _____
SUBSYSTEMS:
1. Xylem = specialized waterproof vascular
water in a plant
tissue that moves ______
 composed of long, thin ______
tubes which allow the
capillary action and
water to move by ________
cohesion
________
 What waterproof nutrient would compose the
building material of xylem cells? ______
lipids
 Transpiration = the release of water vapor
stomata
from _______
plants through the ________
2. Phloem = specialized vascular tissue that
nutrients in a
moves food, minerals, and ________
plant
C. Ground Tissue = specialized tissue found
dermal and ________
vascular tissues within
between _______
a plant
D. Meristimatic Tissue = specialized tissue near the
cells are
bottom of a plant where new plant ______
made
IV Plant Cell Types
1. Parenchyma Cells = ground tissue cells that
storage and
are mainly used for ________
_______________
photosynthesis
 in leaves, these cells are where the
chloroplasts are found
____________
 in roots and stems, these cells store
________
glucose and other foods manufactured by
photosynthesis or absorbed through the roots
2. Collenchyma Cells = ground tissue cells that
flexible and have semi-thick cell _____
walls
are _______
used to support the plant
e.g. celery strings
3. Sclerenchyma Cells = ground tissue cells that
are characterized by rigid, thick cell walls that
_______
protect and support the plant
 Where would you find more sclerenchyma
cells, stems or leaves? ______
stems
V. Plant Growth
A plant grows as more cells are added to the
roots and ______
stems of a plant
_____
• when new cells are added to the plant by
mitosis they are called __________
meristems
________,
• apical meristem = a group of meristems near
the bottom of the _____
root
 the apical meristem is considered an area of
fragile new cells which the plant protects with
root
a tough covering of cells known as the _____
cap
V. Leaf Structure & Photosynthesis
The overall function of a leaf is to perform
photosynthesis and provide the plant with
needed nutrients. The structure of a plant
enables it to perform this task:
leaf that
• blade = the broad, flat section of the ____
collects sunlight
• petiole = the thin stalk that connects the
______
blade to the ______
stem
• seed = IF a plant produces _______,
seeds the overall
embryo
purpose is to protect the _________
A. Components of the Leaf
1. Upper Epidermis – the upper outer layer of
the leaf which can sometimes be coated with a
cuticle used to protect the leaf
waxy _______
2. Mesophyll = specialized ground tissue within
parenchyma
the leaf composed mainly of ____________
cells and the main site of _______________
photosynthesis
 palisade mesophyll = tightly packed
mesophyll that mainly absorbs _____
light
 spongy mesophyll = loosely packed tissue
with mainly ____
air spaces that connect to the
outer part of the leaf
3. Vascular Tissue (xylem & phloem)
4. Lower Epidermis – the under outer layer of the
leaf composed of epidermal cells and stomata
 stomata = pore like openings on the
CO2 into
underside of the leaf which allow ____
the leaf and _______
oxygen out of the leaf
 guard cells = specialized cells that make
up a stoma
 when guard cells are open during the day
_______________
photosynthesis can take place
 when guard cells are closed at night,
_______________
photosynthesis cannot take place