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Pest Management Essential Standard 8.00Compare distinguishing chrematistics of pest. Objective 8.01 • Discuss the anatomy and life cycle of pest. What is an insect? • Small animals that have three body regions and three pairs of legs equaling six legs • Body regions – head – thorax – abdomen Types of Insects • The five types of mouthparts are important in identifying and controlling insects. – – – – – Chewing Piercing Rasping Siphoning Sponging Chewing Insects • Insects tear, chew or grind food • Examples – grasshopper – beetle Piercing Insects • Punctures plant and sucks the sap Rasping insect • Rasps or breaks surface and sucks sap • Example – thrips Siphoning insects • Have a coiled tube they dip into liquid food such as nectar and draw it in • Example – butterfly Sponging Insects • Have two sponge-like structures that collect liquid food and move it into the food canal • Example – housefly Life Cycles • Complete metamorphosis has four stages – – – – egg larva-worms or caterpillars pupa adult-flies, beetles, etc. Life Cycles • Incomplete metamorphosis has three stages – egg – nymph – Adult • Insects must be killed when they are feeding or actively moving on the plant Life Cycles Chewing Insects • Parts of leaves are eaten away – – – – beetles cutworms caterpillars grasshoppers Chewing Insects • Beetles – eat leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and nuts • Cutworms – usually attack stems, but may eat other plant parts Chewing Insects • Caterpillars – – – – larva of moths and butterflies fuzzy or hairy eat young leaves and stems roll up in leaves making leaves curl • Grasshoppers – eat all parts of plants Sucking Insects • • • • • • Aphids Leaf bugs Mealy bugs Scale Thrips Whiteflies Aphids • Pierce and suck juices • known as plant lice • cause stunted growth and yellow spotted leaves • causes sticky substances and black mold • will attract ants Aphids Leaf Bugs • Cause plants to look unhealthy • plants will lose their normal color and wilt Leaf Bugs Mealy Bugs • Pierce and suck from underside of leaves and in leaf axils causing yellow appearance and sticky secretions Mealy bugs Scale • Appear as black or brown raised lumps attached to stems and underside of leaves causing yellow leaves and stunted growth Scale Thrips • Chew and then suck causing plant tissue to become speckled or whitened, leaf tip to wither, curl up, or die Thrips Whiteflies • Feed on underside of young leaves causing yellowing • will look like flying little white specks when plants are shaken Whiteflies Mites • Attack underside of leaves causing gray to grayish-green spots • severe infestations cause webbing Mites
