Download Structure of a Vascular Plant

Objectives
• Summarize how plants are adapted to
living on land
• Distinguish nonvascular plants from
vascular plants
• Relate the success of plants on land to
seeds and flowers
• Describe the basic structure of a
vascular plant sporophyte
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Establishment of Plants on Land
• Plants are the dominant
land organism
• Plants evolved from
multicellular aquatic green
algae
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• Before plants could live on land,
needed to do three things:
• 1. absorb nutrients from
surroundings,
• 2. prevent their bodies from
drying out
• 3. reproduce without water to
transmit sperm
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Evolutionary Relationships Between Plants
and Green Algae
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Preventing Water Loss
• A watertight covering, a
cuticle, is a waxy layer
that covers the non-woody
aboveground parts of
most plants
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Absorbing Nutrients
• Aquatic algae take nutrients
from the water
• On land, most plants take
nutrients from the soil with
roots
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Advantages of Conducting Tissue
• Specialized cells that transport
water and other materials are
vascular tissues
• small plants that have no vascular
system are called nonvascular
plants-mosses, liverworts
• Plants that have a vascular system
are called vascular plants
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Vascular Tissue
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Structure of a
Vascular Plant
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Tap Root
Forms one primary
root
Ex: dicots (two
leaves emerge from
embryo), beans
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• Fibrous root
• Embryos of grasses have a
single radicle (root shoot)
• Also has other embryonic
roots (seminal roots)
forming just above the
radicle all of these branch
to form the fibrous root
• Ex: monocots (one leaf
emerges from embryo)
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Reproducing on Land
sperm are enclosed in a structure
that keeps them from drying out
– pollen
Pollen permits the sperm to be
carried by wind or animals rather
than by water.
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Advantages of Seeds
• A seed is a structure that contains
the embryo of a plant.
• An embryo is an early stage in the
development of plants and animals.
• Most plants living today are seed
plants
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Characteristics of Monocots and Dicots
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Comparing Characteristics of Monocots and
Dicots
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