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LEC 07 Families – Part III Monocots w/ NonShowy Flowers FIELD BOTANY – Lecture 07 Dr. Donald P. Althoff Set III – all __________ • • • • • • • • Grass family Sedge family Rush family Cattail family Arrowhead family Water Nymph family Pondweed family Duckweed family Grass Family -- Poaceae • Older family designation is Gramineae…which leads to the term _____________ • Graminoids = grasses and sedges and rushes (think narrow blades/leaves) • Most are herbaceous but some woody (think bamboo) • They _____ showy petals and sepals because they are _______________ Grass Family • grass plants maintain 3 defining characteristics from other members of the plant kingdom: 1 petal-less flowers emerge between the bracts on leaf-less stems 2 leaves on grass plants take on a flat form and stretch out long and slender. At the stem, these leaves cling tightly and form a type of sheath. 3 the round stems remain hollow in the center. The nodes, or joints, along the stem also appear swollen. Sedge Family • TAXONICALLY: ____________ perennial graminoids (herbs and forbs) • Species include: fox sedge Gray’s sedge lake (hairy) sedge palm (Muskingum) sedge yellownut sedge Sedge Family stem pattern • _____…usually. Results in __________ stem • Stem is ______ (vs. grass which is hollow) • ___________sheath (vs. grass which is open) Sedge Family stem pattern • _____ “lumpy nodes” (vs. grasses) • _____ lack edges; example with round stems is Scripus sp.… …aka bulrushes..but some panicled bulrush Sedge Family key then… • Sedges have ______ but grasses have ______ • And look for “_____” stems Squarrose sedge (Carex squarrosa) “squarrosa” is Latin for scruffy ...not 4-sided Rush Family • TAXONICALLY: ___________ perennial graminoids (herbs and forbs) • Species include: slender rush flatleaved rush alpine rush poverty rush slimpod rush common rush Rush Family patterns • _______ stems. • Stem is ____ (vs. grass which is hollow) • Flowers: like ____… __ sepals __ petals __-parted stigma __-chambered ovary __-stamens (usually) top down – cross-section view Rush Family why lily like? • The __ sepals, __ petals, 6 stamens pattern • The difference, though: rush flowers are ______ and ______ Cattail Family • TAXONICALLY: _____________ perennial herbs and forbs • ____ a graminoid representative ! • Species include: broadleaf cattail (OH) narrow leaf cattail (OH) southern cattail (not OH) Cattail Family • ____ leaves & “_________________” appearance • Male & female _____ flower—they parts wither after releasing pollen _______ flower—this portion matures into familiar “cattail” Arrowhead Family • TAXONICALLY: ________________ perennial herbs and forbs • _________ species! • Species include: arrowhead water plantain burhead Arrowhead Family • __ white petals • __ green sepals 1 3 1 3 1 1 Arrowhead Family • __ or more simple pistils • ____ or more stamens Arrowhead Family • Leaves ______________ • Leaves are _____ • Considered a very “__________” monocot Water Nymph Family • TAXONICALLY: _____________ perennial herbs and forbs • _______ species! __________ submerged • Species include: brittle water-nymph water nymph Water Nymph Family • Male (__________) and female (__________) flowers • Leaves are _____ and ________ • Leaf base: stipules or sheathed Pondweed Family • TAXONICALLY: _________________ perennial herbs and forbs • _______species species! Fresh & Saltwater spp. • ________ and _________ leaves • Species include: pondweed x eel grass ditch grass Pondweed Family • ___ pistils • __ stamens • _________= where sepals and petals indistinguishable 1 4 2 3 eel grass Duckweed Family • TAXONICALLY: ______________ perennial herbs and forbs • __________ species • Includes world’s smallest flowering plant • Species include: common duckweed greater duckweed bogmat water meal Duckweed Family • Leaves & flowers “______” • Roots “_____” from floating plant Duckweed Family • Eaten by many bird and mammal species • Easily “__________” as whole plants
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