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Today is March 14, AP Bio Exam May 14! Get a book Make and fill in chart Moss Seeds? Vascular? Mostly in what phase (life cycle)? Fern Gymnosperm Angiosperm Friday’s Test 47 Multiple Choice 2 FRQs—One on plants, one on old material You will hand me FRQs to exit the room. If you have blanks, you are staying in REVIEW MONDAY: Cells + Chemistry (2 sets of evidence) Cross section of a stem: axis of a plant. Epidermis: outer layer of the stem. Phloem vessels: tubes that carry glucose Cambium: new parts of the stem. Cork: protective covering of the stem. Pith: central part of the stem. Xylem vessels: woody part of the stem, carries water Cross section of a root: axis of the plant which grows in the opposite direction from the stem, maintain the plant in place and absorbs nutrients. Piliferous stratum: set of cells on the outer layer that carry the root hairs. Cortex: part of the root that protects the pith. Xylem: woody parts of the root, carries water Phloem: vessels through which glucose circulates. Pith: central part of the root. Phellogen: part of the root that produces cork. Apoplastic Movement Movement of water and solutes through the cell walls and the intercellular spaces No crossing of the plasma membrane More rapid - less resistance to the flow of water Translocation, movement of glucose http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/ch apter38/animation_-_phloem_loading.html Water Potential Read water potential for dummies C3 vs C4 animation http://spot.pcc.edu/~wdubbs/bi112/animations %20for%20class/photosynthesis/animations/c3 _c4.swf http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectur es/c4.htm http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chap ter38/animation_-_water_uptake.html http://www.sciencemag.org/site/feature/misc/w ebfeat/vis2005/show/transpiration.swf http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/f06p m/transport.htm Ecology Quiz Draw and explain the lifecycle of a plant Dispatch 1) 2) 3) 4) What did you learn from transpiration lab? Take our calendar and list 3 upcoming deadlines Monday’s review is on____________ Read alternation of generation and take notes Transpiration http://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=m c9gUm1mMzc&fe ature=related Water wants to move from high to low water potential Transpiration on a cellular level http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlmgFYmb AUg&feature=related&safety_mode=true&per sist_safety_mode=1&safe=active Moss Angiosperm Fern Gymnosperm Introduction to the Plant Kingdom copyright cmassengale 22 Early Ancestors Aquatic to Terrestrial Life copyright cmassengale 23 Aquatic Ancestor Closest living species to a possible land plant ancestor Group of green algae Called Charyophyceans copyright cmassengale Chara 24 Algae & Land Plant Similarities Both contain chlorophylls a and b Have chloroplasts with stacks of thylakoids Store starch in plastids Cellulose in cell walls Go through Alternation of Generations life Cycle copyright cmassengale 25 Aquatic Habitat Terrestrial Habitat copyright cmassengale 26 Living in Aquatic Environments Plants surrounded by water so don’t dry out Sperm swims to egg Water supports plant Plants stay in upper surface near light Absorb nutrients from the H2O copyright cmassengale 27 Plant Adaptations to Land Problems: Need minerals Gravity Increase in Height for Light Adaptations for Drier environment Reproduction Solutions: Roots absorb H2O & minerals Lignin & cellulose in cell walls Vascular Transport System Waxy cuticle & stomata with guard cells Pollen containing sperm copyright cmassengale 28 How Are Plants All Alike? copyright cmassengale 29 Plant Characteristics Multicellular Autotrophic (photosynthesis) Chlorophylls a and b in thylakoid membranes Surrounded by cell walls containing cellulose (polysaccharide) Store reserve food as amylose (starch) copyright cmassengale 30 Plant Reproduction Alternation of generations life cycle Diploid (2n) sporophyte stage Haploid (1n) gametophyte stage Produce multicellular embryo protected inside multicellular haploid (gametophyte egg sac) tissue copyright cmassengale 31 Plant Reproduction Diploid (2n) sporophyte stage produces haploid spores by meiosis Haploid spores undergo mitosis to produce gametophyte stage Gametophyte makes gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis Zygote (2n) produces the new sporophyte copyright cmassengale 32 Alternation of Generations Gametophyte 2n Sporophyte 2n gametophyte 1n pollen 2n seed with plant embryo Sporophyte Ovary with 1n ovules (eggs) copyright cmassengale 33 Moss Life Cycle http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anim ations/content/moss.html Angiosperm Life Cycle http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animati ons/content/angiosperm.html Plant Divisions copyright cmassengale 35 Taxonomy Plants are divided into two groups Based on the presence or absence of an internal transport system for water and dissolved materials Called Vascular System Vascular Bundles copyright cmassengale 36 Vascular System Xylem tissue carries water and minerals upward from the roots Phloem tissue carries sugars made by photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will be stored or used Sap is the fluid carried inside the xylem or phloem copyright cmassengale 37 Nonvascular Plants Do not have vascular tissue for support or conduction of materials Called Bryophytes Require a constantly moist environment Sporophyte stage Gametophyte Stage Moss Gametophytes & copyright cmassengale Sporophytes 38 Nonvascular Plants Plants can’t grow as tall Cells must be in direct contact with moisture Materials move by diffusion cell-to-cell Sperm must swim to egg through water droplets copyright cmassengale 39 Nonvascular Plants Includes mosses (Bryophyta), liverworts (Hepatophyta), and hornworts (Antherophyta) Liverworts copyright cmassengale Hornworts 40 Main Parts of Vascular Plants Shoots -Found above ground -Have leaves attached - Photosynthetic part of plant Roots -Found below ground -Absorb water & minerals -Anchor the plant copyright cmassengale 41 Vascular Plants Also called Tracheophytes Subdivided into two groups -Seedless vascular plants and Seedbearing vascular plants copyright cmassengale Club Moss 42 Seedless Vascular Plants Includes club moss (Lycophyta), horsetails (Sphenophyta), whisk ferns (Psilophyta), and ferns (Pterophyta) Whisk ferns copyright cmassengale Horsetails 43 Seed-Producing Vascular Plants Includes two groups – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Gymnosperms have naked seeds in cones Angiosperms have flowers that produce seeds to attract pollinators and produce seeds copyright cmassengale 44 Gymnosperms Coniferophyta are known as conifers Includes pine, cedar, spruce, and fir Cycadophyta – cycads Ginkgophyta ginkgo Cycad Ginkgo copyright cmassengale 45 Gymnosperms Contains the oldest living plant – Bristle cone pine Contains the tallest living plant – Sequoia or redwood copyright cmassengale 46 Angiosperms Flowering plants Seeds are formed when an egg or ovule is fertilized by pollen in the ovary Ovary is within a flower Flower contains the male (stamen) and/or female (ovaries) parts of the plant Fruits are frequently produced from these ripened ovaries (help disperse seeds) copyright cmassengale 47 Angiosperms Division Anthophyta Subdivided into two groups – Monocots and Dicots Monocots have a single seed cotyledon Dicots have two seed cotyledons copyright cmassengale 48 Monocots Parallel venation in leaves Flower parts in multiples of 3 Vascular tissue scattered in cross section of stem copyright cmassengale 49 Dicots Net venation in leaves Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5 Vascular tissue in rings in cross section of stem copyright cmassengale 50 Plant Uses copyright cmassengale 51 Why We Can’t do Without Plants! Produce oxygen for the atmosphere Produce lumber for building Provide homes and food for many organisms Prevent erosion Used for food copyright cmassengale 52 More Reasons We Can’t do Without Plants! Produce wood pulp for paper products Source of many medicines Ornamental and shade for yards Fibers such as cotton for fabric Dyes copyright cmassengale 53