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Plant Parts Ione Community School Crop Science Unit 3, Lesson 3 What are the parts of a plant? Node: swollen part of stem where buds form (leaves or stems grow here) Cotyledons: leaves formed at first node (cotyledonary node) What are the parts of a plant? Epicotyl: all of plant formed above cotyledonary node Internode: stem tissue between nodes What are the types of stems? 1) Woody Stem: trees, shrubs, woody perennials 2) Grass Stem: hollow or filled 3) Herbaceous Stem: like woody but softer (clover, alfalfa) 4) Modified Stem: Types of Modified Stems • • • • Bulbs: (onion) Tubers: (potato) Stolons: above ground runner (strawberry) Rhizomes: below ground runners (field bindweed or creeping jenny) What are the functions of stems? 1) transport water, nutrients, sugars 2) support leaves 3) store food What are buds? • special tissue on stems that can grow into new plant parts • buds are described according to: • 1) structures into which they grow – -Vegetative: leaves or stems – -Floral: flowers – -Mixed: both • 2) where buds appear on stem – -Apical: tips of stems • -if floral = bush • -if vegetative = vine – -Axillary: where leaf joins stem – -Adventitious: near wounds • 3) How buds are arranged Bud Arrangements – Alternate (alfalfa) – Opposite (beans) – Whorled (not common) What is Apical Dominance? • apical bud tries to make plant grow taller or longer • if we remove apical bud, we remove the apical dominance What are leaves? • undergo photosynthesis, exchange gases What is the difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf? • simple leaf = 2 parts (leaf blade and petiole) Leaf Blade Petiole What is the difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf? • Compound leaf: leaf blade divided into leaflets What are the different types of compound leaves? • Palmately compound What are the different types of compound leaves? • Pinately compound What are the different types of compound leaves? • Trifoliate (alfalfa) What is the Hypocotyl? • part of the plant below the cotyledonary node What purpose does the hypocotyl serve? 1) anchor plant 2) absorb water & nutrients 3) store food What are the types of root systems? -Taproot: one main root, has no nodes – (carrot, evergreen, kochia) -Fibrous root: many nodes, branching root system (grasses) To help prevent soil erosion, which root system would be best? • Fibrous What are the parts of a grass plant? • Leaves = Sheath is the part of leaf that wraps around the stem • Joints = internodes • Culm = stems Grass Plant Parts • Tillers = branches, all branch from the base of the plant • Crown = union of roots and stem • Jointing stage = stems elongate rapidly