Download hemiptera-homoptera-isoptera-phthiraptera

Orders
Hemiptera
Homoptera
Isoptera
Phthiraptera
HEMIPTERA
"hemi“ = half + "ptera" = wings
“True Bugs”
HEMIPTERA
• Piercing-sucking mouthparts
arising from FRONT of head
• Scutellum triangular and large
• Front wings: basal half leathery and
apical half membranous (HEMELYTRA)
• Wings lie flat on the back at rest ("X“)
HEMIPTERA
Metamorphosis
Paurometabolous
(gradual)
egg, nymph, adult
HEMIPTERA
Broad range of habitats:
Terrestrial
Aquatic
Semi-aquatic
HEMIPTERA
And food preferences…
Terrestrial species:
• Phytophagous – seeds and plants
• Scavengers – detritus, scraps
• Predaceous – other arthropods
• Parasitic - vertebrates
Aquatic species: Predaceous
HEMIPTERA
Economic Importance
• Pests of many crop plants
• Predatory species are generally
regarded as beneficial
• Human diseases (Chagas disease)
• Bed bugs can inflict annoying bites
HOMOPTERA
"homo-" = uniform + "ptera" = wings
“Plant Bugs”
Leafhoppers, Planthoppers, Treehoppers,
Cicadas, Aphids,Whiteflies, Scales
HOMOPTERA
• Piercing-sucking mouthparts arising
from POSTERIOR margin of the head
• Front wings: homogeneous texture
• Wings held roof-like over abdomen
• Phytophagous
HOMOPTERA
Metamorphosis
Paurometabolous
(gradual)
egg, nymph, adult
HOMOPTERA
APHIDS
• Antennae long and thread-like
• Piercing-sucking mouthparts
• Wings present or absent
• Presence of cornicles
• Soft-bodied
HOMOPTERA
APHIDS
Economic Importance
• Honeydew – attracts other insects,
stimulates growth of sooty molds,
creates a sticky mess
• Feeding damage
• Disease vectoring
• Plant galls
HOMOPTERA
SCALES
• Antennae long and thread-like
• Piercing-sucking mouthparts
• Wings present or absent
• Many are serious pests
HOMOPTERA
CICADAS
• Antennae short and bristlelike
• Piercing-sucking mouthparts rising at
BACK of head
• Front wings membranous, at rest
wings folded roof-like over the
abdomen
HOMOPTERA
CICADAS (CONT)
• Males possess an abdominal tymbal
that vibrates in a resonant chamber
on the abdomen
• Females oviposit in twigs
and stems (damage)
HOMOPTERA
LEAFHOPPERS
• Antennae short and bristle-like
• Piercing-sucking mouthparts rising at
BACK of head
• Front wings membranous, at rest
wings folded roof-like over the
abdomen
HOMOPTERA
LEAFHOPPERS
Economic Importance
• Many important pests
• Damage by:
• Ovipositing in green twigs
• Removing sap and chlorophyll from
leaves
• Inhibiting growth of leaves, causing
curling and stunting
ISOPTERA
iso = equal + ptera = wing
Termites / White Ants
Social Insects
Metamorphosis
Paurometabolous
(gradual)
(egg, nymph, adult)
Social Insects
Reproductives
Soldiers
Workers
Workers & Soldiers
1. Body pale in color, somewhat
ant-like in appearance but
with broad junction between thorax and
abdomen
2. Head large and cylindrical, or small and
round
3. Antennae beaded
4. Mouthparts chewing; sometimes with large
mandibles
Adults (Reproductives)
1. Body may be darkly pigmented
2. Head well-developed, with chewing
mouthparts and beaded antennae
3. Compound eyes present
4. 2 pairs of membranous wings, similar in
shape and size; wings are shed after mating
Only paurometabolous
insects that exhibit true
social behavior.
They build large
communal nests that
house an entire colony.
Ecological role
Termites are an important
part of the community of
decomposers.
They are abundant in tropical
and subtropical
environments where they
help break down and recycle
up to one third of the annual
production of dead wood.
Economic importance
Termites become economic pests when their
appetite for wood and wood products
extends to human homes, building materials,
forests, and other commercial products.
In the United States alone, annual losses due
to termite infestations are estimated at more
than 800 million dollars.
Phthiraptera
Two suborders: Mallophaga
Anoplura
Metamorphosis
Paurometabolous
(gradual)
(egg, nymph, adult)
Suborder: MALLOPHAGA
(Chewing lice)
1. Head broad, wider than or same
size as the thorax
2. Chewing mouthparts
3. Antennae short
4. Eyes reduced or absent
5. Tarsi 1- or 2-segmented, most
species have TWO small claws
Suborder: ANOPLURA
(Sucking lice)
1.
Head conical, narrower than thorax
2. Piercing-sucking mouthparts
3. Antennae short, 3- to 5-segmented
4. Eyes reduced or absent
5. Tarsi usually 1-segmented with ONE large
claw
Secondarily Wingless
Pterygotes
Economic Importance
Sucking lice (Anoplura) are responsible for the
spread of disease in humans and domestic
animals.
- relapsing fever
- epidemic typhus
- trench fever
Economic Importance
Chewing lice (Mallophaga) are parasites of
domestic animals, especially poultry.
- severe skin irritation
- weight loss
- reduced egg production