Download Week 7

Solanaceae: Solanales
Habit: Herbs, shrubs, trees, vines
Hairs: Often stellate, prickles or spines
Leaves: Simple, alternate, exstipulate (sometimes deeply lobed), may
be adenate to stem
Inflorescence: Determinate, cymose or solitary
Flowers (overall): Showy, bisexual
Floral Symmetry: Radial
Calyx: 5 connate sepals, often persistant
Corolla: 5 connate petals, rotate to tubular, plicate (folded), lobe end
turned inward or reflexed
Solanaceae: Solanales
Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens, alternate, connivient
anthers (touching)
Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, tilted, superior ovary, terminal
(gynobasic) style
Placentation: axile
Fruit: Berry or capsule
Pollination regime: Bees, wasps & flies (pollen sp. only). Moths,
butterflies (nectar sp.)
Interesting Species: Tomato, eggplant, tobacco, jimsonweed,
petunia
Gestalt: "5-5-5-2" Hairs, plicate corolla, berry, rotate flower,
connivient anthers
Potato,
connivent anthers,
plicate corolla
Buffalo-bur
Poisonous
berries
Atropa belladonna, alkaloids used to treat heart problems
Physalis virginiana,
ground cherry
Physalis alkekengi,
Ornamental calyx
Nicotina sp.
Brugmansia sp.
tree
plicate corolla
Nightshade
Alt leaves,
Plicate corolla,
Boraginaceae:Solanales
Habit: Herbs, shrubs, trees, woody vines(lianas)
Hairs: Rough bristly hairs
Leaves: Alternate, simple, exstipulate
Inflorescence: Helicoid (Scorpoid) cyme, determinate
Flowers (overall): Bisexual, funellform or tubular
Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic
Calyx: 5 connate sepals
Corolla: 5 connate petals
Boraginaceae:Solanales
Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens, alternate the lobes
Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, deeply 4-lobed, gynobasic
style (or terminal), superior ovary, nectar disc around ovary
base
Placentation: axile
Fruit: 4-parted nutlet
Pollination regime: bees wasps, butterflies, flies, (also moths,
beetles, bats and birds)
Interesting Species:Heliotrope, borage, hounds tongue, forgetme-not, bluebells, amsinkia, popcorn flower
Gestalt: round stems, 4-part nutlet, gynobasic style, bristly,
helicoid cyme, often toxic ( alkaloids, nitrates), "5-5-5-2"
Bristles,
Helicoid cyme
5 pattern
Alt. stamens
4-part ovary,
Gynobasic style
bristles
Forget me nots
Popcorn flower
Boraginaceae("Hydrophyllaceae") :Solanales
Habit: Herbs and shrubs
Hairs: hairy or spiny
Leaves: Alternate (basal), simple but sometimes compound
Inflorescence: Helicoid (Scorpoid) cyme, determinate
Flowers (overall): Bisexual, rotate
Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic
Calyx: 5 connate sepals
Corolla: 5 connate petals, often with appendages within
Boraginaceae("Hydrophyllaceae") :Solanales
Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens, alternate lobes
Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, ovary superior, styles often 2lobed, not gynobasic numerous ovules on 2 parietal placentas
Placentation: parietal
Fruit: capsule
Interesting Species: Baby blue eyes, phacelia
Gestalt: helicoid cyme, round stem, split style, hairy, entire ovary,
many ovules on parietal placenta (look for this in lab), "5-5-5-2"
Split style
Atypical
Apocynaceae:Gentianales
Habit: Trees, shrubs, vines, herbs with milky sap
Leaves: Simple, entire, opposite or whorled, exstipulate
Inflorescence: Racemose, cymose or solitary, often determinate
Flowers (overall): Bisexual
Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic
Calyx: 5 connate sepals, glandular inside
Corolla: 5 connate petals, spiral or contorted in bud
Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens
Apocynaceae:Gentianales
Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels (apically united), ovary superior or halfinferior
Placentation: Marginal
Fruit: follicle, capsule, drupe or berry, seed with tuft of hair
Pollination regime: great diversity, specialized mechanisms, 3-zone style
(deposition, sticky middle, reception) [get nectar from base of stylar head
and deposit pollen, get sticky, pick up pollen on the way out]
Other comments: Contain poisons, poison arrows
Interesting Species: Vinca, Oleander, Dogbane
Gestalt: Milky sap, opposite leaves, contorted bud, "5-5-5-2", glandular
calyx. 3-part style
Apocynaceae("Asclepiadaceae") :Gentianales
Corolla: reflexed petals
Androecium: 5 stamens = 5 x 2 united pollinia, corona(nectar
accumulates here), adenate to gynoecium
Gynoecium: elaborate 3-part structure
Fruit: pair of follicles
Pollination regime: get nectar from corolla, foot get lodged on
pollinia, fly away, dislodged on next flower.
Asclepias sullivantii
Umbels
Sap
Opposite leaves
Asclepias sp
Sepals,
Petals,
corona
Stapelia, smells like rotting flesh
Plantaginaceae ("Old Plantaginaceae"):Lamiales
Habit:Herbs
Leaves: Basal rosette, prominant parallel veins
Inflorescence: Scapose, stout or wirey scapes, spike
Flowers (overall): bisexual
Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic
Calyx: 4 connate sepals, herbaceous
Corolla: 4 connate petals, scarious
Plantaginaceae ("Old Plantaginaceae"):Lamiales
Androecium: 4 epipetalous stamens
Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, superior
Placentation: axile, basal
Gestalt: Basal rosette, wirey scape, 4-merous flowers, spike
Plantaginaceae ("Old Scrophulariaceae"):Lamiales
Habit: Herbs , rarely trees
Leaves: Simple exstipulate
Inflorescence: variable
Flowers (overall): Bisexual
Floral Symmetry: Zygomorphic
Calyx: 5 connate sepals
Corolla: 5 connate petals, 2 lipped, 2 upper + 3 lower
Plantaginaceae ("Old Scrophulariaceae"):Lamiales
Androecium: 2 or 4 stamens, didynamous (2long, 2 short) + staminode
Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, ovary superior, style terminal
Placentation: axile
Fruit: capsule (berry)
Pollination regime: bees flies birds (nectar) nectar guides often present
Notes: hemiparisites moved to Orobanchaceae (Aureolaria, Castilleja,
Pedicularis, Agalinis, Buchnera). Verbascum and Scrophularia retained in
Scrophulariaaceae
Gestalt: 2-lipped, staminode, didynamous
Penstemon pallidus
2 lipped
landing platform
Penstemon
didynamous
snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus
Calceolaria sp
Blue-eyed Mary,
Collinsia verna
Strongly 2-lipped
Foxglove
Digitalis purpurea
Heart medicine
Butter-and-eggs,
Linaria vulgaris,
long nectar spur
Pedicularis
Canadensis
capsules open on
upper side
hemiparisite