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Plant Classes and Life Cycles Plant Science Classification of Plants Four Major Groups 1. gymnosperms 2. angiosperms 3. mosses 4. ferns www.OneLessThing.net 2 Gymnosperms • plants that produce seeds not protected by fruit • means "naked seed" in Greek • examples: – pines, firs, spruces – redwood – ginkgo www.OneLessThing.net 3 Angiosperms • plants that flower and produce seeds protected by fruit or pods • means "covered seed" or "enclosed seed" in Greek • made up of two classes: – monocotyledons (a.k.a. "monocots") – dicotyledons (a.k.a. "dicots") www.OneLessThing.net 4 Characteristics of Moncots • seeds have one cotyledon • seedlings have one seed leaf • vascular bundles are scattered • leaves have parallel veins • flower parts are in multiples of 3 www.OneLessThing.net 5 Characteristics of Dicots • seeds have two cotyledons • seedlings have two seed leaves • vascular bundles are arranged in a circle • leaves have netted veins • flower parts are in multiples of 4 or 5 www.OneLessThing.net 6 Plant Taxonomy • Scientific naming system used today is called binomial nomenclature • developed by Linnaeus; names are in Latin and written in italics • the first name is the genus • the second name is the species • species can be further subdivided into varieties www.OneLessThing.net 7 Life Cycles of Plants Three Major Groups 1. annuals 2. biennials 3. perennials www.OneLessThing.net 8 Annuals • plants that complete their life cycle in one year • examples: – tomatoes – marigolds – pansies www.OneLessThing.net 9 Biennials • plants that complete their life cycle in two growing seasons • examples: – hollyhock – parsley www.OneLessThing.net 10 Perennials • plants that produce for more than two years • divided into two classes: – herbaceous – woody www.OneLessThing.net 11 Two Classes of Perennials • herbaceous: plants that have soft stems that are killed by frost • perennials: have stems and buds that can survive winter frost (trees for example) www.OneLessThing.net 12 Thank you for learning with us! www.OneLessThing.net