Download Classes of Plants

Plant Classes
and Life Cycles
Plant Science
Classification of Plants
Four Major Groups
1. gymnosperms
2. angiosperms
3. mosses
4. ferns
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Gymnosperms
• plants that produce seeds not protected by
fruit
• means "naked seed" in Greek
• examples:
– pines, firs, spruces
– redwood
– ginkgo
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Angiosperms
• plants that flower and produce seeds
protected by fruit or pods
• means "covered seed" or "enclosed seed" in
Greek
• made up of two classes:
– monocotyledons (a.k.a. "monocots")
– dicotyledons (a.k.a. "dicots")
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Characteristics of Moncots
• seeds have one cotyledon
• seedlings have one seed leaf
• vascular bundles are scattered
• leaves have parallel veins
• flower parts are in multiples of 3
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Characteristics of Dicots
• seeds have two cotyledons
• seedlings have two seed leaves
• vascular bundles are arranged in a circle
• leaves have netted veins
• flower parts are in multiples of 4 or 5
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Plant Taxonomy
• Scientific naming system used today
is called binomial nomenclature
• developed by Linnaeus; names are
in Latin and written in italics
• the first name is the genus
• the second name is the species
• species can be further subdivided
into varieties
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Life Cycles of Plants
Three Major Groups
1. annuals
2. biennials
3. perennials
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Annuals
• plants that complete their life cycle in one year
• examples:
– tomatoes
– marigolds
– pansies
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Biennials
• plants that complete their life cycle in two
growing seasons
• examples:
– hollyhock
– parsley
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10
Perennials
• plants that produce for more than two years
• divided into two classes:
– herbaceous
– woody
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Two Classes of Perennials
• herbaceous: plants that have soft stems that
are killed by frost
• perennials: have stems and buds that can
survive winter frost (trees for example)
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