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toad 5th Grade Life Science Have you ever wondered how animals are able to survive in the wild? Animals have certain adaptations that help them to survive. Who is more fit to their environment? That’s better! • Polar bears are not naturally found where there are brick walls and dirt. The brown bear blends in with the flora found in the Canadian wilderness. Think about the way you dress in the winter. You don’t wear your shorts and bathing suit when it’s snowing outside! You wear warm clothes, and maybe even a hat and mittens to protect yourself from the weather. And what if you are having a snowball fight? You probably run away from the person throwing at you, and maybe even try to sneak up on that person and throw some snowballs! The way you dress in the winter, as well as the way that you run and hide from someone throwing snow at you are kinds of … Adaptations We can separate adaptations into two categories: Physical and Behavioral Physical adaptations are body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species. Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment. © A. Weinberg Physical adaptation Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding) The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings. Can you do that? Physical adaptation Mimicry (looking or sounding like another living organism) The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart? I’m the Viceroy! Not poisonous Poisonous I’m the Monarch! Physical adaptation Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays) Physical adaptations Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls, teeth) The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick things up. Now let’s learn about Behavioral Adaptations… Behavioral Adaptations allow organisms to respond to life needs. Behavioral Adaptations are organisms’ actions. Remember that physical adaptations are body structures. Each organism has unique methods of adapting to its environment by means of different actions or behaviors. We can divide Behavioral Adaptations into two groups: Instinctive Learned These behaviors happen naturally & don’t have to be learned. These behaviors must be taught. Instinctive behaviors Methods of gathering & storing food Finding shelter happen naturally & don’t need to be learned = Defending oneself Raising young Hibernating Migrating Learned behaviors = Obtained by interacting with the environment and cannot be passed on to the next generation except by teaching. Review . . .In this lesson, we have learned about animal adaptations. There are 2 ways to describe adaptations: Physical and Behavioral Physical adaptations are body structures. Some examples of physical adaptations are: Camouflage Mimicry Chemical defenses Body coverings & parts Behavioral Adaptations are animals’ actions. Behavioral Adaptations can be Instinctive or Learned. How do adaptations help animals survive in their environment? • Remember, an adaptation is a body part or behavior that helps an animal survive in a particular environment. • Adaptation can help an animal breathe, catch food, protect itself, get water, or reproduce. • All organisms are adapted to live in certain habitats. • Organisms that cannot adapt will become ill or perish. • Organisms that are adapted to their environment will reproduce and make offspring with the same adaptations. Adaptation Questions on TAKS • TAKS likes adaptation questions. • For these, think about the environment the organism is in and what its MOST important needs are! • Examples • Desert species need water, cooling system • Tundra species need to keep warm • Saltwater species need to remove extra salt, breath underwater Animal Adaptation Purposes Control Body Temperature Polar Bear - thick fur and blubber Desert Animals – Nocturnal – long ears Animal Adaptation Purposes Getting Food Shape of a Bird's Beak Parrot - short curved for cracking seeds and nuts Duck - Long, flat for sieving Long-legged Wader – spear-shaped for catching fish Hummingbird - long straw-like Animal Adaptation Purposes Getting Food Finch – On Galapagos Islands, gold finches have 3 different types of beaks depending on what they eat Seeds – thick, heavy beak insects – sharp, pointed beak fruit – short, stubby beak Giraffe - long neck Anteater - long tongue Animal Adaptation Purposes Getting Food Shape of a Bird's Beak Carnivore – sharp pointed teeth for tearing Herbivore – flat teeth for grinding Animal Adaptation Purposes Protection from Predators Hedgehogs - sharp spines Turtles and Snails - shells Skunk- spray chemicals Bees and wasps - sting Animal Adaptation Purposes Protection from Predators Brown moth - color blends into environment Flounder – buries itself in the sand Animal Adaptation Purposes Movement Squirrel - climb trees Duck - webbed feet to push through the water Animal Adaptation Purposes Movement Camel – wide feet to move over sand without sinking in; feet have calluses to help protect them from burning on the hot sand Owls – fringed flight feathers muffle the sound of air passing through their feathers making their flight silent Plant Adaptation Purposes Leaf Shape Large Leaves -Rainforest plants so can get more sunlight Evergreens – Don’t have to use energy to re-grow leaves each spring Plant Adaptation Purposes Water Conservation Cacti - thick trucks and branches to store water; shallow roots to absorb rain Waxy Layer on leaves - prevents water from evaporation Plant Adaptation Purposes Protection from Predators Thorns - keeps animals from eating Plant Adaptation Purposes Reproduction Colors – attract insects so they will spread the flower’s pollen TAKS Questions 1 Brightly colored flowers are most often pollinated by — F wind G mammals H rainfall J insects Characteristics of a Hummingbird 1. Colorful feathers 2. Narrow beak 3. Small body 4. Strong wings 2 All of the characteristics listed above are useful for gathering food A B C D 1 2 3 4 EXCEPT — 24 Which part of a jackrabbit most helps it escape predators? F Long legs G Thick fur H Short tail J Small head 25 The African baobab tree has a huge trunk that can store as much as 100 kiloliters of water. This adaptation would be an advantage in a climate that is very — F cold G dry H windy J sunny 27 Which skull belongs to an animal best adapted for catching and eating fish? A C B D 29 The mole is an animal that digs tunnels. Which of the following characteristics would NOT be an advantage to a mole? A B C D Sharp claws Large ears Small eyes Strong legs 30 Some salamanders have a sticky tongue and a wide mouth lined with teeth. These animals most likely feed on — F insects and other tiny animals G leaves and other plant structures H algae and other microorganisms J dead and decaying materials 31 As seagulls fly over the water, they sometimes dive into the water to catch prey. Which of these senses is useful to seagulls that feed in this manner? A B C D Sight Smell Hearing Touch 32 Which of the following characteristics would NOT give animals an advantage in the ocean? F Long body hair G A smooth body H Structures that sense movement J A strong sense of smell 33 The type of penguin shown in the picture above lives in the icy lands of Antarctica. The male penguins huddle together in a tight group. They stay in these tight groups most likely because they are — F looking for the sun G hiding from predators H sharing body heat J fighting over a piece of food 34 Which of the following characteristics of a field mouse is most likely inherited from its parents? F G H J Brown fur Torn ear Scar on its leg Chipped tooth 35 Which of the following is an inherited trait in African clawed frogs? A B C D The location of wave detectors on the frogs The location of the frogs in a pond The number of insects eaten by the frogs in an hour The number of times the frogs look for insects in an hour 36 Coyotes learn some of their behaviors as they move around in their environment. Which behavior is most likely learned? A B C D Running Drinking water Avoiding cacti Sleeping 37 Raccoons living in cities have learned to open lids of garbage cans. This is an example of an animal — A B C D adapting to its environment inheriting the ability to change its diet being tamed by humans becoming a plant eater 38 Which of these is an example of a learned behavior? A C B D Shake and Learn • Lyrics • Practice singing • Match pictures and descriptions • Worksheet • Extension: Bulletin Board Set Website Fun… • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/10_11/interdependenc e.shtml • http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/climate/adaptations/index.c fm